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Greece Geography study notes Geography • Ancient Greece consisted of a large mountainous peninsula and islands in the Aegean Sea. • Its hilly terrain made farming difficult • Its location encouraged trade. Effects of Mountains • Greece’s mountainous terrain separated the ancient Greek cities. • The ancient Greeks developed the polis or city-state system. • Little communication between Polis • Therefore the ancient Greeks never developed a unified system of government. • Greeks often had to look to other places for natural resources. Polis • Polis was the Greek word for “city-state”. • A polis was an independent city and its surrounding land. • Every polis had its own government and laws but the Greeks shared a common language and religion. The Sea • Greece is a peninsula and a collection of islands. • Seas surround almost all parts of Greece. • The Seas allowed the Greeks to travel and trade. • Greeks became expert mariners • Trade encouraged cultural diffusion. Athens • Athens was an important polis in ancient Greece. • The people of Athens developed democracy. • Democracy is a system of government where citizens vote or participate in government. • In Athenian democracy, only free men born in Athens could vote. Women, slaves, and foreigners could not vote. Sparta • • A Spartan’s life revolved around the military. A Spartan man was a soldier for most of his life.