Download Nasal cavity

Nasal region
skull bones: nasal and frontal processes of maxilla
cartilages: septal cartilage (l); lateral nasal cartilage (2); greater
alar cartilages (2); lesser alar cartilages (?)
1
Nasal cavity
Roof : cartilage, nasal bone,
spine of frontal bone,
cribriform plate of
ethmoidal bone, body of
sphenoid bone.
Floor: palatine process of
maxilla, horizontal plate
of palatine
Medial wall: septal cartilage,
perpendicular plate of
ethmoid bone, vomer
Lateral wall — is made irregular
g
by
y
three conchae, vertical plate
of palatine
2
Nasal cavity
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Septal cartilage
Vomer
Medial wall: septal cartilage, perpendicular
plate of ethmoid bone, vomer
3
Nasal cavity
Sphenoethmoid recess
Superior concha
Middle concha
Superior meatus
Middle meatus
Inferior meatus
Inferior concha
Lateral wall — is made irregular by three conchae
superior
p
concha & middle concha: are p
processes of
the ethmoid bone
inferior concha — an independent bone
4
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Sphenoethmoid
p
recess
Superior meatus
sphenoethmoidal recess: a recess lying above and behind the
superior concha sphenoid sinus
superior meatus : is above the posterior 1/2 of the middle
concha post. ethmoidal air cells
5
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Middle meatus
I f i meatus
Inferior
t
middle meatus — under the overhang of the middle concha
Ethmoidal infundibulum: frontal sinus via frontonasal duct to it
Semilunar hiatus: ant. ethmoidal sinus, maxillary sinus,
Ethmoidal bulla: middle ethmoidal cell
inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct
6
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Superior concha
Sphenopalatine foramen
Middle concha
Inferior concha
vertical plate of palatine
7
Nerve supply of nasal cavity
Special sensory: olfactory n.,
innervates the olfactory
area of the nasal cavity
anterior ethmoidal n.: supply the anterior superior areas of the septum
and lateral wall
wall, and provides the external and internal nasal
branches to supply the lower 1/2 of the nose.
8
Nasopalatine: from spheonpalatine foramen, supply the septum
Nerve supply of nasal cavity
post. inferior lateral nasal n.:
p
n from the g
greater p
palatine n.,
supply the conchae and meatuses of the lateral wall.
ant. sup. alveolar n. — distribute the floor and inferior meatus
9
Frontal view of nasal cavity
S h
Sphenopalatine
l ti
foramen
f
Nasopalatine n..
Sphenopalatine a.
post. inferior lateral nasal n.:
n from the greater palatine n.,
supply the conchae and meatuses of the lateral wall.
10
Nerve supply of nasal cavity
Olfactory n.
post.
t inferior
i f i lateral
l t
l nasall n
Ant. ethmoid br.
Special sensory: olfactory n., innervates the olfactory area of the nasal cavity
anterior
t i ethmoidal
th id l n.: supply
l the
th anterior
t i superior
i areas off the
th septum
t
and
d
lateral wall,
wall and provides the external and internal nasal branches to
supply the lower 1/2 of the nose.
post. inferior lateral nasal n.:
n from the greater palatine n., supply the conchae
and meatuses of the lateral wall.
11
Blood supply of nasal cavity
ophthalmic a — ant. ethmoidal br , post. ethmoidal br
maxillary a — sphenopalatine a , greater palatine a
facial a. — septal branch of superior labial a.
12
Blood supply of nasal cavity
13
Paranasal sinuses
Including frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid & maxillary sinus
14
Paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinuses — empties into the anterior part of the middle meatus
via the frontonasal duct.
Ethmoidal air cells — (i) anterior: opens into the depth of anterior part
of the semilunar hiatus , (ii) middle: opens into the ethmoidal bulla,
(iii) posterior: opens into the superior meatus of the nose.
Sphenoidal sinuses — opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess .
Maxillary sinuses — opens from its upper medial wall into the posterior
part of the semilunar hiatus
15
Paranasal sinuses
16
Paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinuses — empties into the anterior part of the middle meatus via
the frontonasal duct.
supplied by supraorbital nerve
Ethmoidal air cells — (i) anterior: opens into the depth of anterior part of the
semilunar hiatus , (ii) middle: opens into the ethmoidal bulla, (iii)
posterior: opens into the superior meatus of the nose.
nose
•nerve supply by anterior and posterior ethmoidal n.
17
Paranasal sinuses
Sphenoidal sinuses — opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess .
•supply
supply by posterior ethmoidal n.
n
Maxillary sinuses — opens from its upper medial wall into the posterior
part of the semilunar hiatus
•nerve supply by(ant., mid. & post) superior alveolar nerve
18
Nasal cavity
y: roof,, floor,, lateral and medial wall.
Floor: palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine
Medial wall: septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid
bone, vomer.
Lateral wall:
Sphenoethmoidal recess (sphenoid sinus)
Superior concha
Superior
p
meatus (p
(post. ethmoidal sinus))
Middle concha
Middle meatus: ethmoidal infundibulum (frontal
sinus),
i
) semilunar
il
hi
hiatus ((ant. ethmoidal
h id l and
d
maxillary sinus), ethmoidal bulla (middle ethmoidal
sinus)
Inferior concha
Inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct
19
Blood supply of nasal cavity: ophthalmic a., facial a.,
maxillary a. (sphenopalatine & greater palatine a.)
N
Nerve
iinnervation
ti
off nasall cavity
it
Special: olfactory n.
General: ophthalmic n
n. (ant
(ant. & post
post. ethmoidal n
n.),
) maxillary
n. (nasopalatine & greater palatine n.)
Frontal
F
t l sinus:
i
surpraorbital
bit l n.
Ethmoidal sinus: ant. & post. ethomidal n.
Sphenoidal sinus: post.
post ethmoidal n.
n
Maxillary sinus: ant., middle, & post. Superior alveolar n.
20
Nasal Region
Dr. Lue, Grossanatomy
Surface Anatomy
Examine the external nose noting its bony and cartilagenous parts
skull bones: nasal and frontal processes of maxilla
cartilages: septal cartilage (l); lateral nasal cartilage (2); greater alar cartilages
(2); lesser alar cartilages (6)
Nasal cavity
Each nasal cavity has a roof, floor, lateral wall and a medial wall formed by the
nasal septum
Roof: cartilage, nasal bone, spine of frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoidal
bone, body of sphenoid bone
Floor: palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine
Medial wall: septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer
Lateral wall — is made irregular by three conchae
superior concha & middle concha: are processes of the ethmoid bone
inferior concha — an independent bone
sphenoethmoidal recess: a recess lying above and behind the superior
concha sphenoid sinus
superior meatus : is above the posterior 1/2 of the middle concha post.
ethmoidal air cells
middle meatus — under the overhang of the middle concha.
Ethmoidal infundibulum: frontal sinus via frontonasal duct to it
Semilunar hiatus: 1) ant. ethmoidal sinus; 2) maxillary sinus
Ethmoidal bulla: middle ethmoidal cell
inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct
Nerve supply
Special sensory: olfactory n., innervates the olfactory area of the nasal cavity.
General sensory: the nerves of general sensation for pain, temperature and touch
are derived from the first two divisions of the Vn.
anterior ethmoidal n.: supply the anterior superior areas of the septum and
lateral wall, and provides the external and internal nasal branches to
supply the lower 1/2 of the nose.
11
posterior ethmoid n.: ethmoid cells
Nasopalatine & post. superior lateral nasal n.: via sphenopalatine foramen,
supply the septum and lateral wall of nasal cavity, respectively
post. inferior lateral nasal n.: from the greater palatine n., supply the
conchae and meatuses of the lateral wall.
ant. sup. alveolar n. — distribute the floor and inferior meatus.
Arterial supply
ophthalmic a.
ant. ethmoidal brr.
post. ethmoidal brr.
— both of the two arteries supply the anterior portions of the superior and
middle conchae and an adjacent area of septum, as well as providing twigs
to the frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses
maxillary a.
sphenopalatine a.
greater palatine a.
facial a.
septal branch of superior labial a.
Venous drainage
Posteriorly, by the sphenopalatine to the pterygoid plexus
Anteriorly, by radicles which join the facial vein;
Superiorly, by ethmoidal veins to the ophthalmic v.
Paranasal sinuses
: these sinuses are pneumatic areas in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and
maxillary bones
Principal functions of the sinuses
a) as resonating chambers for the voice
b) as a means of lightening the bones of the head
Frontal sinuses
— located on either side of the median line within the frontal bone and behind the
superciliary arches
— it empties into the anterior part of the middle meatus via the frontonasal
duct
— supplied by supraorbital nerve
12
Ethmoidal air cells
- small, numerous, thin-walled cells located within the ethmoidal labyrinth of the
ethmoidal bone
— they are divided into three groups:
(i) anterior: opens into the depth of anterior part of the semilunar hiatus
(ii) middle: opens into the ethmoidal bulla
(iii) posterior: opens into the superior meatus of the nose
— nerve supply by anterior and posterior ethmoidal n.
Sphenoidal sinuses
— paired, located in the body of the sphenoid bone, and separated from each
other by a bony septum
— it opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess of its own side
— supply by posterior ethmoidal n.
Maxillary sinuses
— the largest of the paranasal sinuses
— maxillary sinusitis is frequently accompanied by tooth-ache
— opens from its upper medial wall into the posterior part of the semilunar hiatus
— nerve supply by ant., middle, and post. superior alveolar nerve
— blood supply by superior alveolar and greater palatine aa.
13