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Download HIGH-YIELD FACTS Ear, Nose, and Throat - McGraw-Hill
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NOSE Anatomy Opening Sphenoethmoidal recess Sphenoid sinus Superior meatus Posterior ethmoidal air cells Middle meatus Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, middle ethmoidal air cells, anterior ethmoidal air cells Inferior meatus Nasolacrimal duct Floor: Formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone. Roof: Curved and narrower than the floor. Formed by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, body of the sphenoid, nasal, and frontal bones. Cribriform plate transmits terminal branches of the olfactory nerve. Epistaxis CAUSES Local Causes Trauma: Nose picking of a dried mucosa is most common. Barometric pressure changes can also traumatize mucosa. Septal perforations as with cocaine use. Polyps and tumors. Infections: Rhinitis, vestibulitis, and sinusitis. Angiofibroma of the nasopharynx. Systemic Causes Inflammation and infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, malaria, and typhoid fever Vascular lesions such as arteriosclerosis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis (Osler–Weber–Rendu disease—autosomal dominant), and coarctation of aorta Bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and platelet disorders Overdose with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents 355 Ear, Nose, and Throat Structure Incisive foramen in floor of nasal cavity transmits the nasopalatine nerve and branches of the sphenopalatine artery. HIGH-YIELD FACTS Nasal cavity opens on the face through the nares (nostrils). Choanae are the posterior openings of the nasal cavity that communicate with the nasopharynx. The vestibule is lined with skin. Boundaries of nasal cavity: Medial wall: The nasal septum. Seven bones plus septal cartilage contribute to the septum: Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer, palatine, maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, and nasal bones. Lateral wall: Formed mostly by the superior and middle concha of the ethmoid bone and the inferior concha. A corresponding meatus is found below each respective concha, and the sphenoethmoidal recess is located superior to the superior concha. The sphenopalatine foramen is found on the posterior edge of the middle concha and contains the corresponding artery, which is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery.
