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(ACTIVITY II) Feudalism was a social, political, and Economic system, that dominated all aspects of the Medieval life. It is the Economic portion of the Feudalism was centered around the Lord’s estates or manor. Spiritual: Religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to marriage. Secular: In addition to being the social center of the village, the church had economic power and political power. The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s authority. REASON OF THE CRUSADES: The Pope wanted to increase his power Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land Nobles wanted to gain wealth. Adventurers sought travel and excitement Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression IMPACTS OF THE CRUSADES: A major results of the Crusades, include Cultural Diffusion and an increase in trade. European interest in goods from the east was stimulated by returning Crusaders who brought back many things. As the Crusades ended, ships that were once used to carry soldiers to the Middle East, now carried trade goods. Merchants from rich Italian city states, such as Venice and Florence, dominated this trade. Along the trade routes, trade fairs were established in towns with larger populations, or at major crossroads. Merchants and craftsman settled in these towns, and some grew to be cities of several thousand people. Renaissance means “rebirth”. It was a golden age in the arts, literature and sciences. Why did it start in Italy?: Urban Centers Large city-states in northern Italy Cities – breeding ground for intellectual revolution Cities – Florence, Milan Thriving centers of trade and manufacturing Wealthy Merchant Class Merchants – wealthiest, most powerful class & dominated politics Had $ to pursue other interests – Arts/education Medici Family – Cosimo de’ Medici – Influenced the ruling council (loans)) Lorenzo de’ Medici – behind the scene dictator Patrons of Arts Church – spent $$$ beautifying Rome Wealthy families – supported artists Renaissance Man Ideal individual strove to master all areas of study “universal man” Renaissance Woman Inspire but not create art Less influential than middle age women Artists were supported by merchants, popes and princes. Art was detailed, realistic, and reflected study of human anatomy. By 1300 papermaking and print technology had reached Europe from China. The invention of moveable type led Gutenberg to print the Bible in 1456.Books became more available. The Reformation began on October 31, 1517, when German monk Saint Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany. In 1517 a German monk, named Martin Luther posted his famous 95 Theses against indulgences. A reform movement also took place in the Catholic Church. The purpose was to strengthen the Catholic Church and keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism 1545 Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and worked to end abuses Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits. Jesuit missionaries helped spread Catholism around the world