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Part of speech Function or "job" Example words Example sentences 1. Verb action or state (to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must I am a student. I like pizza. 2. Noun thing or person pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John This is my dog. He lives in my house. We live in Melbourne. 3. Adjective describes a noun a/an, the, 10, some, good, big, red, well, interesting My dog is big. I like loud music. 4. Adverb describes a verb, adjective or adverb quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really My dog eats quickly. When he is very hungry, he eats really quickly. 5. Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, some Tara is a model. She is beautiful. 5.b Possessive Pronoun Show ownership Mine, ours, yours, hers, his, its That is your car That car is yours. 6. Preposition links a noun to another word to, at, after, on, but We went to school on Monday. 7. Conjunction joins clauses or and, but, when, or, nor, for, I like dogs and cats. sentences or words, make comparisons -‘linking words’ than, either – or, although, if, as, yet, that, when, since, while, until, unless, because I don’t like cats or dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats. 8. Interjection short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence oh!, ouch!, hi!, well Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you? Well, I don't know. Other grammar Characteristics / functions Example words Example sentences 9. Articles Shows if we are talking about a certain thing or one of many things (definite or indefinite) the, a, an I saw the moon last night. 10. Sentences 11. Homophones I saw a star last night. Starts with capital letter, includes subject and verb, ends with punctuation ‘.’ ‘?’ or ‘!’ Words that sound the same, but have different meanings and are spelled differently. The world is round. (cap) (subject) (verb) Their/there/they’re, to/too/two, your/you’re, its/it’s, I/eye, weather/whether They’re parking their car over there. You’re taller than your sister. 12. Root words Words and word stems that can have suffixes & prefixes added to it to amend meaning. View, train, act, fish, print, do, decide 13. Prefixes Groups of letters added to the start of words to build new words Inter-, un-, dis-, de-, tele-, inter-, trans-, re-, Tidy untidy. My room is untidy. 14. Suffixes Groups of letters added to the ends of words to build new words - ing, -ist, -ery, -ary, -est, hood, -able, -ist, -en Fat fattest. That is the fattest pig in the pen. Punctuation Characteristics / functions Example words Example sentences 15. Contractions A short way of writing two words joined together. Uses an apostrophe to indicate missing letter Isn’t, doesn’t, won’t he’ll, I’ll, you’re, they’ve, she’s, I’d, can’t I can’t understand why he’d do that. 16. Commas 1.separate items in a list 2.to separate two or more adjectives She’ll be alright after she’s had a rest. 1.I like music, sport, science and art. 2. He is funny, tall, smart and handsome. / describing a noun / adverbs modifying a verb. He slowly, quietly and cautiously opened the door. 3.separate clauses in compound sentences 3. Sally was going to take the train, but Joe was driving to the city. 4.subordinate less important information 4.My cat, Whiskers, is fat and lazy. Your sister, Kelly, was at the party. 17. Apostrophes 1.in contractions (see #15) 2.to show ownership or belonging ‘s, s’ 1.They’re mine. 2.We are at Kate’s house.