Download CSS307-System Programming

CSS307-System Programming
Suleyman Demirel University
Fall 2014
by Konstantin Latuta & EN3([ABCDEF]|KZ)04
Outline
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What is system programming?
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Grading Policy of CSS307
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Introduction to Linux...
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Books
what is (not) system programming?
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Naive and simple model of programming (by Bruce Molay)
typical program in simple model
reality is little bit more complicated...
reality...
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Lots of programs
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Lost of users
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Lots of disk files
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Lots of devices
and somehow they are
connected
too many connections ...
the role of the operating system
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To manage all resources and
connect the various devices
to the correct programs
the role of the operating system
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To provide services to programs:
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Programs request services from the OS. The OS contains code to
provide services
we will use the services provided by the OS
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Input/Output
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Process management
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Memory
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Devices
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Timers
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IPC (interprocess communication)
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Network
our goal is to understand Unix/Linux services by
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Seeing how they are used
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Learning about the system calls to invoke the services
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Writing our own versions of various system programs
BUT before doing so
We'll have a crash course on Linux (latest till the midterm)
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Linux philosophy and concepts
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Linux Structure and Installation
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Command Line Operations
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Linux Documentation
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File Operations
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User Environment
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Bash Shell Scripting and many more...
Tentative Syllabus and Grading Policy
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Linux Crash Course
30% Labs and Quizzes
Course Page:
http://linux.sdu/~konst/
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Linux System Programming
30% Labs (C programming)
20% Creative Project (T-Shirt)
20% Final Exam
100%
Linux History
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Linux is a free open source operating
system initially intended for Intel x86-based
PCs
1991, Linus Torvalds, a student in Helsinki
started writing his own OS kernel, known as
Linux kernel
1992, Linux was re-licensed with General
Public License (GPL) by GNU (a project of
Free Software Foundation which promotes
free software)
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Mid-90s, Linux distributions emerged
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1998, major companies announced support
Linux Philosophy
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Linux is a free and open source
version of UNIX
Linux is maintained by a network of
developers from all over the world
Hierarchical filesystem with the top
node / (aka root)
Everything is a file (or a file-like
object)
Fully multitasking and multiuser OS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7Uz692S6T4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaFNXQ8Dat0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_C-GAkLPAAc
Linux Distributions
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Linux kernel is the core of a computer operating system
(www.kernel.org)
Linux distribution = kernel + some software tools
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File management, user management, software package management
tools
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commercially supported distributions: Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu
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free: CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE
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And many others like Scientific Linux, Oracle Linux etc.
Distro Families
Debian Family Key Facts
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The Debian family is upstream for Ubuntu, and
Ubuntu is upstream for Linux Mint and others.
The Linux kernel 3.13 is used in Ubuntu 14.04.
It uses the DPKG-based apt-get package manager
(we cover in more detail later) to install, update, and
remove packages in the system.
Ubuntu has been widely used for cloud deployments.
While Ubuntu is built on top of Debian, it uses the
Unity graphical interface, is GNOME-based and
differs quite a bit visually from the interface on
standard Debian as well as other distributions.
Fedora Family Key Facts
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The Fedora family is upstream for CentOS, RHEL,
and Oracle Linux.
The Linux kernel 2.6.32 is used in RHEL/CentOS 6.x
It supports hardware platforms such as x86, x86-64,
Itanium, PowerPC, and IBM System z.
It uses the RPM-based yum package manager (we
cover in more detail later) to install, update, and
remove packages in the system.
RHEL is widely used by enterprises which host their
own systems.
SUSE Family Key Facts
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SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) is
upstream for openSUSE.
The Linux kernel 3.11 is used in openSUSE 12.3.
It uses the RPM-based zypper package manager
to install, update, and remove packages in the
system.
It includes the YaST (Yet another System Tool)
application for system administration purposes.
SUSE is widely used in the retail sector.
Summary
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Linux borrows heavily from the UNIX operating system, with which its creators were well versed.
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Linux accesses many features and services through files and file-like objects.
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Linux is a fully multitasking, multiuser operating system, with built-in networking and service processes known as
daemons.
Linux is developed by a loose confederation of developers from all over the world, collaborating over the Internet, with
Linus Torvalds at the head. Technical skill and a desire to contribute are the only qualifications for participating.
The Linux community is a far reaching ecosystem of developers, vendors, and users that supports and advances the
Linux operating system.
Some of the common terms used in Linux are: Kernel, Distribution, Boot loader, Service, Filesystem, X Window system,
desktop environment, and command line.
A full Linux distribution consists of the kernel plus a number of other software tools for file-related operations, user
management, and software package management.
There are three major distribution families within Linux: Fedora, SUSE and Debian.
Readings
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The Linux Programmer’s Toolbox, John Fusco, 2006
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Linux Essentials, LPI Introductory Programme, 2012
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Understanding UNIX/Linux Programming, Bruce Molay, 2002
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Computer Systems: A Programmers Perspective, Randal E.
Bryant & David R. O’Hallaron, 2010
Credits
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Linux Foundation for pictures and material on Linux
Bruce Molay for picture and introduction to system
programming