Download Lecture Plan (MCB 101) Lecture-4:

General Microbiology I
Lecture Plan (MCB 101)
Topic 1: The discovery of microorganisms
Lecture 1 : What is microbiology, origin of the word microbiology, what is microorganism, size
of the microorganisms; what is microscope, different types of microscopes; the beginning of
microbiology, Zacharias Janssen, Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek-the father of
microbiology, contribution of the father of microbiology.
Lecture 2 : Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation, definition, example; biogenesis, the debate
over spontaneous generation , definition, example; the believers of spontaneous generation,
Aristotle, Virgil, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, John Needham, Felix Pouchet, Jean Baptist van
Helmont; the non believers of spontaneous generation, Franscesco Redi, Louis Joblot, Lazzaro
Spallanzani, Franz Schulze, Theodor Schwann, Schroder and von Dusch, Rudolf Virchow, Louis
Pasteur, John Tyndall; and the golden age of microbiology, discoveries during this age, major
milestone discoveries.
Lecture 3 : What is fermentation, general definition, industrial definition, scientific definition,
example; what is pasteurization, different types of pasteurization (HTST, LTLT, UHT etc.),
example of pasteurization; the germ theory of disease, definition of epidemic, pandemic,
endemic, historical overview of germ theory of disease, contribution of Robert Koch, Koch’s
postulates and its exceptions, vaccination, definition, name of different types of vaccines,
immunity, example of vaccines, how and why vaccinations work, an account on vaccination
against common diseases; antisepsis, historical overview of aseptic surgery; chemotherapy -the
magic bullet, characteristics of a chemotherapeutic agent, the first synthetic drug; Antibioticsdefinition, historical overview of discovering antibiotics, example and name of some popular
antibiotics.
T opic 2: Scopes of microbiology
Lecture-4: Normal microbiota: gut flora, conjunctival flora, oral cavity flora, veginal flora;
Infectious diseases: diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, measles, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis,
influenza, polio etc.;
Emerging infectious diseases: AIDS, bird flu, swine flu, SARS, anthrax,
BSE; Vaccination: types of vaccine, recent vaccination program; Interferon; Gene therapy;
Lecture-5: Food microbiology: food pathogen, spoilage organisms, baked food, yogurt, cheese,
sauerkraut, pickles; Fermentation technology: bewaring, feeds; Microorganisms in industry:
pharmaceuticals, detergent industry, dying industry and lather industry; GMP;
Lecture-6: Microorganisms in pollution control: bioremediation, bioleaching, recycling; Sewage
treatment: separation of solid and liquid waste, treatment of organic waste; Pest control; Biofertilizer; Composting;
Lecture-7: Class test on the topic
Topic 3: Bacteria
Lecture 8: The morphology of bacterial cell, cell wall- structure and function of cell wall;
organelles outside the cell wall: glycocalyx (slime layer and capsule) - structure, composition,
function; flagella- structure, composition and function, pili and fimbriae: structure and function;
axial filamemts: structure and function; structure and function of cell membrane.
Lecture 9: Cytoplasmic structure, function of cytoplasm, ribosome, structure and function of
ribosome, , internal organelles of bacterial cell: Nucleoid - structure, location inside the cell, and
function; endospore: structure and function;
Lecture 10: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, distinguishing features of prokaryotes: genetic
material, structure of DNA, no membrane bound organelle, composition of cell wall,
reproduction process; distinguishing features of eukaryotes: nucleus, chromosomal proteins,
membrane bound organelles, cell wall, cell division; comparison and contrast between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Lecture 11: Taxonomy, nomenclature, identification, strain, colony, pure culture, species, genus,
family; classification of the characteristics of microbes: Classical and Molecular characteristics;
Classical
characteristics
(Morphological,
cultural,
antigenic,
pathogenic,
ecological
characteristics); morphological characteristics: identification of microbial cells by microscopic
techniques- cell shape: spherical, straight rod, helically curve, pleomorph, monomorphic,
cigarette like, tapered, coccobacilli, single twist, spirochete, star shaped, rectangular shape; cell
size, cell arrangements: diplococcic, streptococci, tetrococci, diplobacilli, streptobacilli,
coccobacilli, palisade arangments, trichomes.
Lecture 12: Staining, classification of staining- gram staining, acid fast staining; purpose of
staining, types of staining- differential staining, gram staining in details, purpose of gram
staining, procedure of gram staining, interpretation of gram staining, difference between gram
positive and gram negative bacteria.
Lecture 13: Acid fast staining, mechanism of acid fast staining, procedure for acid fast staining,
difference between gram staining and acid fast staining, example of an acid fast bacteria;
endospore staining, capsule staining, flagella staining.
Topic 4: Archaea
Lecture 14: What is archeae, example of some archeae, general characteristics- cell type, cell
wall, membrane lipids, histone proteins, ribosome, sensitivity to antibiotics, rRNA sequence;
special characteristics, groups of domain Archeae: crenarchaeota, euryarchaeota, and
koraarchaeota; morphological and physiological diversity of archeae, comparison and contrast
between eubacteria and archeae.
Topic 5: Virology
Lecture-15: Discovery of virus: TMD, Adolf Mayer, Dimitri Iwanowski, Wendell Stanley; Viral
structure: Nucleic acid, capsid, envelope; General morphology of virus: Viral size, Helical
viruses, polyhedral viruses, enveloped viruses, coplex viruses;
Lecture-16: Nomenclature of virus: ICTV, suffix –virus, -virinae, -viridae, -virales;
Classification: based on nucleic acid type, host range; Virions; Viroids; Prions; Life cycle: lytic
of a T-even bacteriophage;
Lecture-17: Life cycle : lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage ? in E.coli ; Replication of virus:
attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, assembly; One step growth: burst
time, burst size, one step multiplication curve;
Lecture-18: Discussion and quiz
Topic 6: Fungi
Lecture 1 9: What are fungi, general morphological characteristics of fungi; classification of
fungi- the slime molds, the flagellated lower fungi (Chytridiomycetes, Hypochytridiomycetes,
Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes), the terrestrial fungi (Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes,
Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes); fungal reproduction, sexual and asexual reproduction of
fungi, asexual spores- sporangiospores, conidiospores, thalospores; sexual spores: ascospores,
basidiospores, oospores, zygospores; importance of fungi in industry: chemical industry, enzyme
industry, anticancer drug, antibiotic production, biocontrol agent, biobleaching, biopulping;
importance of fungi in natural process, beneficial effect, harmful effect- plant diseases, human
diseases (mycotoxicoses, mycosis).
Lecture 20: Review on Topic 1, topic 3, topic 4 and topic 6.
Topic 7 & 8: Algae & Protozoa
Lecture-21: What is algae; General characteristics of algae: as an eukaryotic, photosynthetic
capability, pigmentation, habitat, size, biochemical diversity, mode of reproduction;
Classification of algae: Chlorophyta, Chromophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Euglenophyta,
Rhodophyta (with classes); Ecological importance of algae: beneficiary and harmful effects;
Lecture-22: Commercial importance of algae: food, drugs, fertilizer; Introduction to protozoa;
Characteristics of protozoa: morphology, habitat, nutrition, reproduction;
Lecture-23: Major groups of protozoa: the Flgellates, the Amoebas, the Sporozoa, the Ciliates;
Importance of protozoa: medically important protozoa, ecological importace;
Lecture-24: Discussion on topic 2, 5,7 and 8