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ALTAIR ADVISERS Third Quarter • 2015 A LT A I R I N S I G H T a quarterly market review. Photo credit: Joseph F. Alexander Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska FIVE KEY TOPICS The Fed’s conflicting signals and potential change of course heighten our market concerns. Hiccups in recent U.S. economic data may signal a slowdown – and we will reduce risk exposure if they appear likely to worsen. International stocks took a beating but non-U.S. developed stocks still look more attractive than U.S. stocks. Contrary to the consensus market view, we still believe U.S. bonds will continue to perform well. The limitations of monetary policy as an economic stimulus are becoming increasingly evident. CONNECT WITH US ONLINE FACEBOOK AltairAdvisers TWITTER @AltairAdvisers www.altairadvisers.com Fed Up? October 2015 “The future ain’t what it used to be.” – Yogi Berra (1925-2015) The steep drop in many financial markets this summer and early fall resulted in more red ink on quarterly statements than investors have seen in years. By any name – correction, downturn, pullback – the decline resulted in a poor third quarter for stocks and all other asset classes except bonds, which upheld our expectations, and real estate. Even after a positive October so far, U.S. large-cap stocks could log their first down year since 2008. While we hardly view this period as precursor to another cataclysmic 2008, we do have elevated concerns about the future, as the late lamented Yankee catcher once said more colorfully. Our increased caution stems from not only the uneven economic conditions but from what we believe is the Federal Reserve’s misinterpretation of them. It could be argued that a significant market setback was overdue, based purely on historical market trends. The S&P 500 Index had gone nearly four years without a 10 percent correction, just eight months shy of the longest streak ever, before the culmination of a swoon that sent it down 12.5 percent from the peak by late August. The circumstances that accompanied it, however, point to more than a periodic market adjustment. Worries about China’s inexorable slowdown and its impact on financial markets and developing nations around the globe are not going away. Nor are those about the on-again, off-again U.S. recovery, with corporate earnings flattening, a still-strong dollar and too-low inflation posing a threat to growth and the economy still underperforming despite seven years of zero interest rates. Pouring gasoline on a potentially flammable situation, the Fed signaled to the markets repeatedly that it remained intent on raising interest rates this year even as growth sputtered. While it may ultimately be forced to back down on that timing, its insistence fostered 2 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 Source: Noah Kroese Illustration months of uncertainty and turbulence in the markets and created the potential for bigger economic trouble if it follows through. This latest miscommunication left us, to put it plainly, fed up with the Fed. Tightening monetary policy under these conditions would violate the Fed’s pledge to depend on straightforward data analysis in deciding when to raise rates. It also calls its credibility with the markets into question, as we discuss further below. To borrow another line from Yogi, we think the Fed has made “too many wrong mistakes.” If we do not see improvement in economic fundamentals soon, and if the Fed presses ahead with its stated intent to raise rates this year, we plan to take additional steps to lower exposure to the most risk-sensitive areas of the market. First we want to determine if the softening in gross domestic product growth, manufacturing and other areas is no more than an economic air pocket or rather the beginning of a downtrend. We are in the process of doing that by analyzing third-quarter corporate earnings, consulting with managers of our recommended funds and monitoring key economic data. Underweighting stocks and higher-risk assets for the first time since 2012 may be prudent, but more convincing data are still needed. For better or worse, the Fed and other central banks around the world continue to pull all the levers they can to coax investors’ money into the markets and keep it there. The financial system remains awash with assets from years of these policies, from stimulus packages to zero interest rates to billions in bond purchases. The long-term effect of these policies on economies remains a mystery. But they have proven to goose up stocks in the short run. Read on for expanded views on those and other topics that absorbed us this quarter: 1. The Federal Reserve’s conflicting signals and potential change of course heighten our market concerns. “I been in the right place But it must have been the wrong time I’d have said the right thing But I must have used the wrong line.” – Dr. John, “Right Place, Wrong Time” 3 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 What Inflation? Annual Percentage Change in PCE Index (Price Index for Personal Consumption Expenditures) Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Raising interest rates in this environment for the first time since 2006 would be the right move at the wrong time. prices as being the culprit for this recent deflationary trend and says they should rise soon; we think that for supply and demand reasons they will not. We applaud the Fed’s wish to begin returning rates to more normal levels. Investors have been looking for a promised rate increase ever since the recovery began in 2009. But to contemplate doing so under current conditions, after having waited through six years of painfully slow but still improving growth, would be like stopping for a yellow traffic light and then starting to barge across a busy intersection just as the light could turn red. We have often questioned in our commentaries the wisdom of the easy-money, zero-interest-rate path the Fed decided to go down over the past seven years and continue to do so (see talking point #5 below for some damning new evidence). Only history can be the final judge. It seems clear, however, that changing paths now under current conditions would create an unwarranted risk of unwelcome consequences. The Fed has two mandates as established by Congress – to maximize employment and keep prices stable – and only one is being met at the moment. The 5.1 percent jobless rate is within the range of what the Fed considers to be full employment, although the absence of significant wage growth leaves even that in question. The data, as the Fed has consistently articulated in recent times, must suggest the timing of rate increases; otherwise, the increase may be unsustainable. As The Wall Street Journal noted recently, all of the dozen-plus central banks that have tried to raise rates after slashing them in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis have been forced to retreat. The Fed, with its consistent record of overestimating the pace of economic recovery, seems a likely candidate to join that group. There can be no doubt, however, that its target of 2 percent annual inflation is nowhere in sight. Prices as measured by the core PCE price index, the Fed’s preferred inflation measure, have been under that target for more than three years now and are trending in the wrong direction. The Fed focuses on the decline in oil and energy While raising interest rates a quarter of a percentage point is not material in and of itself, risking the possibility of a prolonged period of volatility if a similar retreat 4 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 Underperforming Growth U.S. Annual Real GDP Growth (Estimated vs. Actual) Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Federal Open Market Committee, U.S. Census Bureau becomes necessary does not strike us as a desirable new path. Even when the Federal Open Market Committee decided to stand pat in September, Chair Janet Yellen confused the markets with a mixed message, disclosing that 13 of 17 members still expected to raise rates by year’s end. The clumsy messaging of Fedspeak and conflicting public comments by FOMC members has created an atmosphere of uncertainty and eroded investor confidence. We agree with PIMCO market strategist Tony Crescenzi that the “phantom rate hike” itself is at the root of all the volatility. The Fed should stop the rate hike talk and hold off until the light for the economy turns green, no matter how long that takes. 2. Flat to deteriorating economic fundamentals and disappearing earnings growth may signal a slowdown – and we will lower allocations to higher-risk assets should we determine they are likely to worsen. A year ago, economists at the Fed, the International Mon- etary Fund and elsewhere looked ahead to 2015 and projected that annual real U.S. GDP growth could reach or exceed 3 percent for the first time in a decade. This supposed liftoff has yet to clear the launch pad. The third quarter proved to be another reality check, with growth estimated at just 0.9 percent by the Atlanta Fed’s GDPNow forecasting model. It could leave the economy on a pace for a full-year expansion of less than 2 percent for only the second time since the recession – a slowing rate that prompts us to consider pulling back higher-risk exposure. We are not saying that a recession, while possible, is likely in 2016. But besides GDP, several areas we track closely are trending in the wrong direction, giving us pause: Corporate earnings – S&P 500 earnings, the backbone of GDP growth, have continued to slacken throughout the year and third-quarter estimates have been scaled back sharply in the past three months. The projected 5 percent drop versus a year ago, according to FactSet, would mark the first back-to-back quarterly declines since 2009. 5 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 S&P 500 Operating Earnings Manufacturing – The manufacturing sector registered its slowest growth in two years in September, continuing to cool as a stronger dollar and slowing growth hampered exports. While manufacturing represents only about a tenth of the economy, any further decline would mean it is contracting – a definite red flag for us. Year-over-Year Changes We need to see improvement in these soft spots in order to be dissuaded from significantly trimming risk. 3. International outlook: (a) Non-U.S. developed stocks still look more attractive than U.S. equities, even though they got dragged down with everything else in the third quarter. Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices The main culprits are lower global growth, the steep drop in oil prices and the stronger dollar. Companies that generate more than half their sales outside the U.S. were expected to fare much worse, with quarterly earnings falling off 14.1 percent from a year ago. On the bright side, apart from energy companies, both earnings and revenue were forecast for growth in the third quarter (3.0 percent and 2.6 percent, respectively). Inventory to sales – The wholesale inventory-to-sales ratio has spiked in recent months, reaching the highest level since 2009. An increasing ratio shows that companies are having trouble moving inventory, generally because net sales have slowed. ISM Manufacturing Index Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Despite this category’s dreadful recent performance, we remain positive on it. We overweighted the category late last fall because of the European Central Bank’s commitment to a long-term monetary stimulus program. After performing well in the first half of 2015, developed non-U.S. stocks fell 8 percent in the third quarter. As disappointing as that was, it was within the range of what could be expected in a broad market pullback and did not alter our overall view. Given the ECB’s monetary support, we still think this is the most attractive equity category going forward. ECB President Mario Draghi’s recent declaration that the bank is prepared to step up its bond-buying program as needed only reinforces our belief. Economy Air Pocket Inventory-to-Sales Ratio 6 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 Next Year’s Comeback Story? Emerging Markets Price-to-Book Ratio Source: Morningstar This is not to say that international developed stocks would not be vulnerable in a broad market pullback, as we saw in the third quarter. However, these equities should perform better than their U.S. peers. (b) Emerging market stocks are likely to suffer further, but we see a glimmer of light at the end of the tunnel. This is a more complicated story. Developing-world equities were decimated when China’s slowdown and unexpected August devaluation of the yuan touched off widespread market turmoil and, combined with U.S. rate hike speculation, sent investors fleeing. The exodus left emerging markets on a pace for full-year net outflows for the first time since 2002. The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets Index, which gained ground in the first half, plunged 16.6 percent in the third quarter and was down 19.4 percent from a year earlier. ers who have rushed back into the category this month were too early. Emerging economies still face headwinds from China, slower global growth, heavy debt load burdens and sharply lower prices for the commodities that many of them depend on. But along with commodities, these stocks are closer to being attractive than other areas of the market after the latest drop in prices. Many of our recommended international managers opportunistically added select emerging market stocks to their holdings during the summer and fall rout. That is enough bargain hunting for us for now. We would want to wait for a more attractive entry point before allocating more to this category. Emerging markets strikes us as a good comeback story to potentially increase our recommended weighting as soon as 2016. 4. Contrary to the consensus market view, we still believe U.S. bonds will continue to perform well. However, valuations are now more appealing than they have been in years. Emerging market stocks’ price-tobook ratio, a measure comparing market value to book value, has been near historic lows. The stocks traded recently at their biggest discount to developed markets in 12 years, according to BlackRock. Anyone who reads our commentaries regularly knows that we are big defenders of high-quality bonds whenever they fall out of favor. Like Aretha Franklin, all we’re asking is for a little respect (just a little bit) from the market pundits who repeatedly forecast higher yields and a drop in prices and advise dumping bonds. We think the bottom could lie lower and the bargain seek- As if further reminder were needed, the recent market 7 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 No Yield Surge 10-Year U.S. Treasury Note Yield Sources: Morningstar, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis tumult provided yet another example of bonds’ value as a core holding in portfolios during periods of volatility in particular. While equities fell substantially across the board, the Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF gained 1.4 percent in the third quarter and municipal bonds also were in the black. Even amid rising expectations of an interest rate hike, our contrarian position on bonds for the last two years has been largely vindicated. Yes, yields could rise if and when the Fed boosts rates. But given the long-prevailing economic conditions – weak inflation and mostly sluggish growth – we would not expect them to rise too much. In our view, yields are far likelier to move lower from their current level than they are significantly higher. This has already been the case so far in 2015, with the yield on the benchmark U.S. 10-year Treasury Note declining slightly from 2.17 percent at the start of the year to 2.05 percent at this writing. We are confident enough in the positive outlook for bonds that we may add to our fixed income position if the economic outlook fails to improve. Increasing our allocation to bonds also would reflect our expectation for continued market volatility. A final word about bonds: September 26th marked ex- actly a year since the forced departure from PIMCO of Bill Gross – an anniversary that Gross, the company founder and manager of PIMCO Total Return, seems to have celebrated with a whopper of a lawsuit against his old firm. As our clients will recall, we promptly replaced Total Return with Vanguard Total Bond as our interim taxable bond fund. We recently approved DoubleLine Core Fixed Income as PIMCO’s long-term replacement. While one year is not nearly enough to properly evaluate fund performance, a review of returns from that period shows that so far the moves have added value. PIMCO Total Return had a return of 1.6 percent during the period, lagging both Vanguard Total Bond’s 2.4 percent and DoubleLine’s 2.6 percent. Meanwhile, Gross has struggled initially at his new fund; Janus Global Unconstrained Bond lost 2.2 percent. 5. The limitations of monetary policy as an economic stimulus are becoming increasingly evident. Despite our skepticism that monetary tools such as quantitative easing and zero interest-rate policy can restore ailing economies to good health, we have tried to remain open-minded as these experiments by the Fed and other central banks unfold. But it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not a cure-all. 8 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 S&P 500 Index Level QE’s Impact on Stocks Sources: Morningstar, Federal Open Market Committee By no means should the beneficial effects of QE be overlooked. Most importantly, these activist policies are credited with helping to ensure that the Great Recession did not become a second Great Depression. Their effect on stocks also is inarguable. However, years of near-zero rates and $7 trillion in monetary stimulus put to work in major industrial economies since the 2008 financial crisis have left investment and growth stuck below pre-crisis levels. In the United States, aside from sluggish growth, 40 consecutive months of inflation below the Fed’s 2 percent target suggest that the zero rates put in place to spur healthy inflation have accomplished just the opposite. One of the Fed’s own officials found fault with the policies in a recently published white paper, noting that not just the U.S. but Japan and Switzerland remain bogged down by very low inflation or deflation despite their central banks’ aggressive actions. “There is no work, to my knowledge, that establishes a link from QE to the ultimate goals of the Fed – inflation and real economic activity,” wrote Stephen D. Williamson, vice president of the St. Louis Fed. “Indeed, casual evidence suggests that QE has been ineffective in increasing inflation.” In terms of economic activity, U.S. gross domestic product has yet to top 2.5 percent in any calendar year since the recovery, as mentioned above, while wage gains have been mired around 2 percent or below. This disappointing payback for the billions of dollars pumped into the financial system seems to bolster the argument that the capital has gone to unproductive places. The primary beneficiary has been the U.S. stock market, which with QE’s help has more than tripled since the lows in March 2009. Investors are certainly appreciative of that. But of course that was hardly the sole or even primary objective of the policy. Quantitative easing is still great for stocks, and we would add to our risk asset allocations if the Fed were to announce QE4. What would be more beneficial to investors and everyone else in the long run, however, is a robust and well-balanced underlying economy. What we have learned from years of QE is that monetary policy alone cannot solve our problems. Perhaps it can put a floor in, or keep things from deteriorating, but it alone cannot return the economy to a normal, healthy state. Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 Altair’s Advice The Federal Reserve’s rhetoric about raising interest rates at a time when it should not has been a weight on the market for months. In large part because of that, our concern about market risks has risen. Recent hiccups in key economic data suggest the possibility for greater volatility if the Fed tightens at a time when growth already is softening. Should further easing be needed, the time elapse from rate hike to recognition of error to easing could be negative for equities. For the time being, we retain our neutral weighting for higher-risk assets as well as for medium- and lower-risk assets. Within equities, we still like the relative outlook for nonU.S. developed stocks despite their recent downturn because of continued monetary support anticipated from the European Central Bank. Quotes of the Quarter “Any ship, however large, may occasionally get unstable sailing on the high seas.” – Xi Jinping, Chinese president “We put everything we could to work and (U.S. growth) is still just slightly better than 2 percent. That is some sign the tools did not have the potency we expect.” – Dennis Lockhart, Atlanta Fed president and member of the Federal Open Market Committee “I think the joyride is over. I don’t think we’re going to have another ‘08 ... but I think this market is in very dangerous territory.” – Carl Icahn, activist investor “It ain’t over till it’s over.” – Yogi Berra 9 Commodities, like emerging market stocks, face more challenging conditions in the near term but have fallen so far that they may present attractive investing opportunities next year. We have added a new manager that is designed to handle volatility, in keeping with our view that the uptick in volatility will persist. This hedged/opportunistic strategy has an impressive long-term track record and enables us to reduce risk exposure. We believe bonds will continue to perform better than conventional market thinking holds, with weak inflation ultimately forcing yields lower and sending prices higher. Market Data: U.S. Equities Bull market imperiled: Rate hike uncertainty, falling energy prices and a weaker global growth outlook combined to produce the worst three-month period for U.S. stocks in four years. Following a slim gain in the first half, the decline put large-cap stocks in the red for the year and at risk of registering their first annual loss since 2008. The iShares S&P 500 ETF, an investable benchmark for large caps, shed 7.0 percent in the quarter and was down 5.9 percent year to date. The underlying S&P 500 Index remained down 9.9 percent from its May high after enduring its first official correction, or 10 percent pullback, since the summer of 2011. U.S. large caps trailed their international counterparts by 1.8 percentage points for 2015 through three quarters. After outperforming large stocks in the first half, small caps had a dismal third quarter. The iShares Russell 2000 ETF, an investable gauge of the small-cap market, fell 12.2 percent and was negative 8.0 percent through September. In market downturns, uneasy investors often view small caps as riskier investments and sell them ahead of mega-sized stocks. Growth stocks continued to outpace their value counterparts for the year. Their advantage shrank in some 10 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 market-cap categories, however, following a poor quarter that left both investing styles as net losers across the board for 2015. The iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETF was negative 5.5 percent year to date, 5 percentage points better than the corresponding value ETF, after plunging 13.2 percent in the quarter. Among large caps, the iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF widened the year-to-date edge over its value counterpart to 7.5 percentage points despite falling 5.7 percent. year to date. Energy and materials stocks, both hit hard by the steep drop in commodities, were the biggest losers among the S&P 500 sectors with declines of 18 percent and 17 percent, respectively. Health care stocks, the top performer in each of the first two quarters on the strength of merger-and-acquisition activity, also saw a double-digit loss – negative 11 percent. The only sector to post a gain was utilities, the worst performer in the first half, at plus 4 percent. The Fed’s assurance that it will keep interest rates low boosts the appeal of utilities’ dividend yields. Real Estate International Equities The ripple effect from China’s stock market meltdown and cooling economy wreaked havoc on equities worldwide. Developed and emerging market countries alike with strong trade relationships with China were hardhit. The iShares MSCI EAFE ETF, an investable proxy for nonU.S. developed-world stocks, lost 8.1 percent to go negative for the year at minus 4.1 percent. Measured without the dollar impact, the underlying MSCI EAFE Index lost 8.9 percent in local currency in a quarter when the dollar declined slightly against other currencies and was down 0.6 percent year to date. The iShares MSCI All-Country World ex-US ETF, another investable benchmark that includes emerging markets, fell 10.2 percent in the quarter and was negative 7.8 percent for 2015. Emerging markets were walloped by China’s stock swoon and concerns about lower commodities prices and the global growth slowdown. The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets MSCI shed 16.6 percent and stood at negative 15.9 percent for the year. In local currency, the losses were 12.8 percent for the quarter and 9.0 percent The biggest decliners among global equities indexes included China’s Shanghai Composite (down 29 percent), Japan’s Nikkei (-14.1 percent) and Germany’s DAX (-11.7 percent), all of which had their worst quarter in years. In dollar terms, only equity returns in Hungary and Russia remained positive for the year, while MSCI Brazil was down 43 percent. U.S. real estate investment trusts were among the few winners in the third quarter, going positive after the Fed’s decision to hold off on an interest rate increase. Like utilities stocks, REITs are particularly sensitive to rises in rates. The Vanguard REIT Index Fund gained 2 percent but remained 4.3 percent negative for the year. Internationally, the Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF fell 7.5 percent, with most of the sell-off occurring in August when weak Chinese economic data and Beijing’s surprise devaluation of the yuan rattled global markets. For 2015, the global REITs fund was down 3.8 percent through three quarters. Commodities Energy and other commodities were routed by China’s financial turmoil and underlying economic slackening. U.S. interest rate uncertainty and the global economic downtrend also weighed on prices. The iPath Bloomberg Commodity Index Total Return ETN, an investable benchmark which tracks a diversified basket of 22 commodities, plummeted 15.9 percent and was down 18.3 percent year to date through September. Oil’s more than year-long descent steepened, with crude sliding 24 percent on data showing an increasing global supply glut and declining industrial profits in China. As a sector, energy prices fell 19 percent. Declining growth and demand in China profoundly affect the prices of a wide range of commodities. Besides being the world’s second-largest consumer of crude oil, the country accounts for as much as half of global demand for key industrial commodities such as iron ore, Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 copper, aluminum, zinc and nickel, all of which fell sharply. Other commodities such as gold, silver and platinum also sold off, and most grains saw double-digit drops. The only three winners were tin, sugar and rice. Hedged/Opportunistic Hedged/opportunistic strategies declined in the turbulent third quarter but generally less than stocks did. Equity-tilted strategies such as closed-end funds fared worse. Hedged strategies, which include global macro, long/short and managed futures typically outperform stocks and underperform bonds during market downturns. 11 Bond returns also were solid in developed countries outside the United States. Our global fixed income investable benchmark, a 60/40 blend of the SPDR Barclays International Treasury Bond ETF and the Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF, returned 0.6 percent to reduce its year-to-date loss to 2.6 percent. Municipal bonds performed similarly to Treasurys, gaining after the Fed left interest rates unchanged. Prior to that, they had been dragged lower amid broad market uncertainty in August. The Market Vectors’ short and intermediate ETFs, Altair’s investable gauge of the U.S. muni market, chalked up a 1.5 percent gain in the quarter and was up 1.0 percent for the year. The HFRX Equity Hedge Index, which is comprised of investable hedge funds, lost 5.4 percent in the quarter and was down 3.1 percent for the year. The HFRI Fund of Funds Strategic Index, which tracks funds that generally engage in more opportunistic strategies including sectorspecific investing, fell 3.3 percent but remained narrowly positive for 2015 with a 0.4 percent return. The HFRX Global Index, an investable benchmark which includes international funds, declined by 4.3 percent to fall into negative territory for the year at minus 3.0 percent. Fixed Income U.S. bonds, both taxable and tax-free, largely held up well through the eventful quarter. Instead of falling in anticipation of a coming interest-rate hike, they were lifted when investors sought refuge from the turmoil in equity markets. The Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF, a mix of U.S. Treasurys, corporate and other investment-grade bonds, advanced 1.4 percent and was up 1.1 percent for the year. Corporate bonds were buffeted by the same broad selloff that affected stocks and commodities. But Treasurys carried the benchmark fund higher, benefiting from both their role as a safe haven and from yields that fell with sinking inflation expectations. Bond prices rise when yields fall. Altair Insight reflects our thoughts and opinions, which are based on data and information from various third-party sources which we believe to be reliable. It is not intended as specific investment or legal advice. Opinions herein are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. © 2015 Altair Advisers LLC. All Rights Reserved. 12 Altair Insight • Third Quarter • 2015 ALTAIR IS... Managing Directors Steven B. Weinstein, CFA®, CFP® President & Chief Investment Officer Rebekah L. Kohmescher, CFP®, CPA Managing Director & Director of Investment Operations Consultant Matthew D. Mochel Associate Consultant Jason M. Laurie, CFA®, CFP® Megan A. Babowice Managing Director Client Service Assistant Bryan R. Malis, CFA®, CFP® Jason D. Carr Managing Director Michael J. Murray, CFA®, CFP®, CAIA Managing Director Donald J. Sorota, CFP®, CPA Managing Director Directors and Consultants Rebecca E. Gerchenson, CFA® Director Timothy G. French, CFP®, CPA Senior Consultant Matthew A. Gaines, CFA®, CFP® Senior Consultant Thomas C. McWalters Daniel J. Sciarretta, CFP® Managing Director Daniel L. Tzonev, CFA® Consultant Consultant Richard K. Black, CFP® Senior Consultant Joseph F. Alexander, CFP® Client Service Assistant Michael F. Feurdean Client Service Assistant Research Aaron D. Dirlam, CFA®, CAIA Director of Research Paul S. Courtney, CFA®, CAIA Manager of Research James Shen, CAIA Senior Research Analyst David C. Carpenter Investment Communications Analyst CHRISTOPHER R. LAMERS Research Associate Altair Advisers Altair Advisers provides unbiased investment counsel to wealthy individuals, families, foundations and endowments. In the commission-dominated world of financial services, Altair stands apart as a firm committed to providing objective advice that is free from the kinds of conflicts of interest that are pervasive to our industry. We currently serve a nationwide base of clients who have entrusted us to supervise approximately $4 billion of assets. We often describe our role as a family’s independent Chief Investment Officer because we provide investment advice that reflects a client’s full financial circumstances. Our firm has a depth of experience in advising clients on myriad financial planning, tax planning, accounting, insurance and estate-related issues and therefore we know how crucial it is to integrate clients’ investment portfolios with all aspects of their financial plans. Among the many accolades our firm has received, Altair and its principals have most notably been recognized in Barron’s Top 100 Independent Financial Advisors every year since the rankings’ inception. ALTAIR ADVISERS Altair Advisers llc 303 West Madison Street, Suite 600 Chicago, Illinois 60606 INDEPENDENT INVESTMENT COUNSEL® 312.429.3000 | www.altairadvisers.com