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Greek Mythology 1 Creation In the beginning there was … Chaos From Chaos came Gaia And the two darknessess Erebos Darkness under the earth •Night Darkness over the earth The First Romance Night mated with Erebos and.. Light was Born Light was born Light was Born Two types of light Aither: light of heaven Day: light of earth www.dol.wa.gov The family tree CHAOS Gaia night Gaia (mother earth) Gaia (earth) 3 giants Rhea olympians 3 cyclops 12 titans Cronus Eros light aither (light of heaven Uranus (sky) Aphrodite Erobus 3 furies day (light of earth) Uranus not happy with Giants Locks them up in Gaia’s womb (OUCH!) Gaia asks sons for help…. 3 Cronus to the rescue Cuts off his father’s genitals From his blood sprung the furies The 3 furies: aka the Erinyes or Eumenides were female personifications of vengeance. Alecto Tisiphone Megara Aphrodite was also born from The blood of Uranus Prophecy of Uranus A son of Cronus’s will klll him And so as the Olympians were born guess what Dad did? A) He sent them to boarding school? B) He tied them up and made them listen to Frank Sinatra music C) He….. ATE THEM! But when Zeus was born, his mother Rhea sent him to Crete where he was raised by his Aunt. Rhea then gave her husband a rock wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he ate for dinner thinking it was another son. The Return When he was older Zeus returned to the palace disguised as a cup bearer. He gave his father a special drink known as…. The Barf Cocktail Take a little Mustard Mix with salt Sweeten with honey Serve with a sly smile and move out of the way… The stone that Cronus spits up becomes part of the oracle at Delphi The Battle Begins Zeus released giants with 100 hands 7 Titans aligned with Zeus against Cronus But his brother Atlas was the general for Cronus Battle lasted 10 years Zeus wins The giants with 100 hands give him the ligntning bolt for releasing them from the earth. Hades is given helmet of invisibility Poseidon receives the trident Atlas (brother of Prometheus and Epimetheus) was punished by Zeus He was given the task of holding up the sky and the earth Cronus and the rest of the Titans were banished to Tartarus (underworld). In some stories Cronus escapes to Italy After the battle, Zeus’s Grandmother, Gaia, turns against him and unleases Typhon. Zeus imprisoned him under volcano. Typhon Early science: Typhon imprisoned under Mt. Etna Zeus on Mt. Olympus Zeus becomes the ruler of the world He marries his sister Hera Their children were Hebe, Ares and Haephastus Oy what a headache Zeus, ruler of the gods on Mount Olympus. It is told that he swallowed his pregnant first wife, Metis, meaning wisdom, so that she would not bear a child stronger than he. In some versions of the story, Athena's birth was assisted by the blacksmith, Hephaestus, who opened Zeus's head with a stroke of his axe. The Olympian Gods on Mt. Olympus Family Tree of Gods 3 Family Tree of Gods.jpg 26 Genealogy Simplified 27 Ouranus (Uranus) 28 Gaia—Earth goddess 29 Titans—Atlas & Prometheus 30 Rhea—Mother of Gods, Goddess of Fertility 31 Kronos (Saturn) & Rhea with child 32 Saturn (Kronos)Devouring his Children by Goya 33 Zeus(Jupiter) King of the Gods 34 35 Zeus ZEUS = Jupiter Father of the heroes Perseus and Heracles Zeus Cronus = Saturn = father of Zeus Zeus = youngest son of Cronus and Rhea. Cronus swallows all children (-) Zeus: Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. Rhea hid Zeus Gaea & Zeus caused Cronus to vomit up his children All overthrew Titans Hera (Juno) Queen of the Gods Hera and Zeus Rembrandt’s Juno 39 40 Hera Hera = Juno = the goddess of marriage. The sister and wife of Zeus Queen of the Olympians. Poseidon (Neptune) God of the Ocean Neptune & Amphrite 42 43 Poseidon 1. 2. 3. Poseidon bro of Zeus & Hades Zeus (Jupiter) = sky Hades (Pluto) = Hell Poseidon (Neptune) = sea Demeter (Ceres)Goddess of Agriculture Demeter. Hades and Persephone 45 46 DEMETER = Ceres (e.g., cereal) ; goddess of agriculture. mother of Persephone. Περσεφόνη http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pers ephone 48 Dionysus DIONYSUS = Bacchus the god of wine. son of Zeus and the mortal Semele. Apollo, the Sun God and Artemis, the Moon Goddess Apollo with Muse 50 51 Phoebus Apollo APOLLO = Apollo god of prophesy, music and healing. A twin of Artemis. Phoebus means the sun. Apollo As god of music, Apollo is often depicted playing the lyre. He did not invent this instrument, but was given it by Hermes in compensation for cattle theft. 54 ARTEMIS •Artemis = Diana; goddess of the hunt. •women in childbirth •Swift judgement •twin brother Apollo •children of Zeus and Leto. •‘the moon’ as Apollo was ‘the sun’. •All wild animals sacred to her, especially the deer. Hermes (Mercury), the Messenger God 56 57 Hermes •HERMES = Mercury •messenger of the gods •guide of dead souls to the Hades. •prankster and inventive genius •son Zeus and a mountain nymph. Athena, Goddess of Wisdom & Intelligent Warfare Birth of Athena from Head of Zeus 59 60 Athena ATHENA = Minerva goddess of crafts and the domestic arts; the crafts of war. patron goddess of Ares (Mars) God of War with Aphrodite 62 63 ARES = Mars; god of war; the son of Zeus and Hera. Beat by Heracles in battle Aphrodite (Venus), Goddess of Love and Beauty Botecceli Birth of Venus Venus de Milo 65 66 APHRODITE = Venus goddess of love, beauty and fertility. Aphrodite was born from sea-foam. Hephaestus, the Blacksmith God 68 69 Hephaestus HEPHAESTUS (he-FEE-stus or he-FESS-tus; = Vulcan) lame god of fire + crafts = blacksmiths. Hephaestus son of Zeus and Hera Aphrodite’s husband The following gods and goddess are sometimes mentioned amongst the twelve Olympians. 71 Hades (Pluto) God of the Underworld Persephone and Hades 72 Hades = Pluto 74 Hestia Hestia = Vestia grew tired of the godly bickering gave her place to Dionysus. 76 77 Cupid and Psyche Eros = Cupid; love & son of Aphrodite. At the bidding of Aphrodite, he shot Hades making him fall in love with Persephone. 79 80 81 Pan god of shepherds and flocks. son of Hermes and a nymph. born with the legs and horns of a goat his own mother spurned him. Pan Pan was considered to be the cause of the sudden fear that sometimes comes for no reason, especially in lonely places. That's why it's called "panic". Persephone, daughter of Demeter and wife of Hades 84 85 Abduction of Persephone by Hades 86 Assembly of twenty gods, predominantly the Twelve The following gods, goddesses, and demigods were not usually counted as Olympians, although they had close ties to them. 87 Close to the Olympians The following gods, goddesses, and demigods were not usually counted as Olympians, although they had close ties to them. Aeolus - King of the winds, keeper of the Anemoi, master of the seasonal winds. Amphitrite - Queen of the Sea, wife of Poseidon. 88 Anemoi – Wind gods consisting of Boreas (north), Notus (south), Zephyrus (west), and Eurus (east). Aura - Goddess of cool breezes and fresh air. Bia – Personification of violence. Circe - minor goddess of magic, not to be confused with Hecate. 89 Deimos - God of terror, brother of Phobos. Dione – Oceanid; Mother of Aphrodite by Zeus in Homer's version. Eileithyia – Goddess of childbirth; daughter of Hera and Zeus. 90 Enyo - A goddess of warfare, companion of Ares. She was also the sister of Ares in some cases. In those cases, her parents are Zeus and Hera. Eos – Personification of dawn. Eris – Goddess of discord and strife. 91 Ganymede – Cupbearer of the gods' palace at Olympus. Graces - Goddesses of beauty and attendants of Aphrodite and Hera. Harmonia - Goddess of concord and harmony, opposite of Eris, daughter of Aphrodite. Hecate - Goddess associated with magic, witches and crossroads. Helios - Titan; personification of the sun. Horae – Wardens of Olympus. 92 Hypnos - God of sleep, father of Morpheus and son of Nyx. Iris – Personification of the Rainbow, also the messenger of Olympus along with Hermes. Kratos – Personification of power. Leto – Titaness of the unseen; the mother of Apollo and Artemis. Moirai - Goddesses of destiny and alotters of fate, more powerful than Zeus. Momus - God of satire, mockery, satires, and poets. 93 Morpheus – God of dreams. Muses – Nine goddesses of science and arts. Their names are Calliope, Urania, Clio, Polyhymnia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Thalia, Euterpe, and Erato. Nemesis – Greek goddess of retribution and revenge. Nike – Goddess of victory. Nyx - Goddess of night. Paean – Physician of the gods. 94 Perseus – Son of Zeus, slayer of Medusa, the legendary founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty. Phobos - God of fear, brother of Deimos. Selene – Titaness; personification of the moon. Styx - Goddess of the River Styx, the river where gods swear oaths on. 95 Thanatos - God of Death, sometimes a personification of Death. Theseus - Son of Poseidon, first Hero of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur. Triton - Messenger of the Seas, son of Poseidon and Amphitrite. He holds a twisted conch shell. Tyche - Goddess of Luck. Zelus – Personification of Emulation. 96