Download Plant Reproduction - holytrinitywhitestone.com

Plant Reproduction
Do Now: Write in your notebooks
what would happen if an Oyster
farmer cut sea stars into pieces
and threw them back into the
ocean.
Humans(animals) and Plants
Plant Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Most plants
Can be done from seeds, leaves,
roots, stems, etc.
Sexual Reproduction
HOW?
Reproductive Organs
Female plants produce Egg
Male plants produce Sperm
Some plants can have BOTH of the
reproductive organisms on it.
Usually, when this happens the plant
cannot create a zygote from itself.
Plant Life Cycle
Alternation of Generations: life cycle
that involves both diploid and haploid
stages.
Two Stages
1. Gametophyte
2. Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Gametophyte stage: When the plant
cells go through ____________ to
produce spores.
 spores: unicellular haploid cells that
divide to become multicellular
Then the spores divide by _________ to
form plant structures or an entire new
plant.
Sporophyte
 Sporophyte stage: fertilization – the
joining of two haploid sex cells (sperm
and egg).
Cells are joined to restore the original
number of chromosomes the
___________ number.
Seedless Reproduction
Do Now: What are the two stages of
a plant’s life cycle and how do they
differ?
How can a plant reproduce without seeds?
 Spores
The sporophyte stage of these plants
produces haploid spores in the spore
cases
When the spore cases break open,
spores are released and spread by
wind and water
Types of Seedless Plants
Vascular
Have tubelike cells that transport water
and nutrients throughout the plant
Nonvascular
Do not have structures that transport
water and nutrients throughout the plant
Water and nutrients move from cell to
cell
Nonvascular
 Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
 Sporophyte stage of these plants is
small
Life Cycle of Moss
 Gametophyte: green, low growing
masses of plant (produces sex cells)
 Sporophyte: brown stalks growing
upwards, does not carry photosynthesis
 Spore Case: produces millions of
spores
Life Cycle of Moss
1. The zygote begins the sporophyte
stage and develops into an embryo
that grows into the stalk and capsule
(spore case).
2. Meiosis occurs in the capsule and
produces spores.
 When the spores fall to the ground,
they can grow into mature
gametophytes
Life Cycle of Moss
3. Sex cells are produced in the
reproductive structures of the male
and female moss gametophytes
4. During heavy rain/dew, the sperm will
swim to the egg and fertilization will
occur.
Vascular Seedless Plants
 Ferns, horsetails, club mosses.
 the gametophyte stage is small
Life Cycle of Fern
 Fronds: Leaves
 Rhizone: underground stem that has
Fronds on it, and grows roots that anchor
and absorb water/nutrients
 Sporophytes make their own food through
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Sori: structures that produce spores,
(underside of fronds)
Prothallus: small, green, heart-shaped
gametophyte plant
Life Cycle of the Fern
1. Meiosis takes place inside each spore
case, producing thousands of spores
2. Spores are ejected and fall to the
ground, growing into a prothallus
3. Prothallus forms sex cells, it has BOTH
male and female reproductive organs
Life Cycle of the Fern
4. WATER is needed for sperm to swim to
the egg causing fertilization producing
a zygote.
5. The zygote is the beginning of the
sporophyte stage and grows into the
fern plant.