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Transcript
PEST PLANTS Wild ginger Caution Control Plants in deep shade produce few or no seeds, so begin control on margins to minimise reseeding. Small infestations are best dug out; ensure all rhizomes are dug out. Rhizomes should be dried out and burnt, do not compost as they can survive indefinitely. For larger infestations cut stems off above pink ‘collar’ at the base and make cuts on any exposed rhizomes. Treat all cuts liberally with one of the following herbicide mixtures: Glyphosate (e.g. Roundup) 1 part per 4 parts water Escort 1g per 1 litre water The following herbicide mixture can be used as an overall foliage spray if the infestation is too large to cut and treat all the stems: Escort Knapsack 5g per 10 litres water Disclaimer: Although this fact sheet has been produced in good faith from a number of sources believed to be creditable, the Marlborough District Council and/ or Department of Conservation does not give any warranty that all information contained is accurate or complete or that advice given will be appropriate in all circumstances. The information regarding pesticides does not necessarily appear on the labels of the products concerned, therefore the Marlborough District Council and/ or Department of Conservation shall not be liable to anyone in respect of any damages suffered as a result of their reliance on the information contained in this document. Mention of a product trade name implies neither endorsement of those products nor criticism of similar products not mentioned. For more information on plant and animal pests phone: Marlborough District Council (03) 520 7400 Department of Conservation Sounds Area Office(03) 520 3002 Department of Conservation South Marlborough Area Office (03) 572 9100 SURVEILLANCE Pest Plants Follow-up work will be required to ensure all regrowth is removed or sprayed. Seeds only survive in the soil for 2-4 years so eradication is possible. When using any herbicide please read the label thoroughly to ensure that all instructions and safety requirements are followed. Hedychium gardineramum and H. flavescens Marlborough Region Wild ginger Hedychium gardineramum and H. flavescens Wild ginger Hedychium gardineramum and H. flavescens Status Both Kahili and yellow ginger are surveillance pest plant in the Marlborough region. This means that the Marlborough District Council is aware that this pest poses a risk within Marlborough and is gathering information on the distribution of this weed to evaluate its future status. The Marlborough District Council and/or Department of Conservation welcome any information about the of this plant. Land occupiers are encouraged to control infestations. Both Kahili and yellow ginger are banned from sale, propagation, distribution or commercial display. Should you see this plant please report it to the Marlborough District Council or Department of Conservation. Origin Kahili ginger is a native of India, growing on the lower slopes of the Himalayas, while yellow ginger originates in Eastern India and Madagascar. Both Description Wild gingers are herbaceous perennial plants. This means that their life-span is more than two years and they do not accumulate woody tissue. It grows from large, branching rhizomes (tuberous roots). These rhizomes are up to 3.5cm in diameter, up to 10cm in height and produce vertical stems annually. Beds of living rhizomes can form a dense layer up to a metre thick. Adult stems reach a maximum height of 2 metres and produce large wax covered, ovate alternate leaves (20-45cm long x 10-15cm wide). Yellow ginger leaves tend to be a little narrower than Kahili ginger leaves. Individual Kahili ginger flowers are lemon yellow with conspicuous red stamens, and are grouped in large (12-45cm) flower heads produced from February to April. Red seeds (15-20mm long) are produced by Kahili ginger in autumn and winter. Yellow ginger flowers are cream to light yellow and come out in late autumn/ early winter. The flowers are in smaller flower heads than those of Kahili ginger. Yellow ginger flowers do not produce seed. Wild ginger species prefer to grow in open, light-filled environments which are warm and moist, but will readily grow in semi and full shade beneath the forest canopy. Maximum growth occurs in spring and summer but plants go into a state of semi-dormancy during the winter period. Threat Ginger forms dense clumps which spread outwards, out-competing and displacing native vegetation. It has the potential to be a major weed in forest margins, native forest remnants, natural open areas, roadsides and riverbanks. Wild ginger spreads outwards along the ground by way of rhizomes and new plants develop from rhizome portions which detach from parent plant. Kahili ginger seeds are spread by birds. The main source of spread is by people illegally dumping ginger rhizomes as garden waste on roadsides or in the bush. It can grow in a wide range of conditions, from full sun to total shade, good or poor drainage, and is drought and frost tolerant once established. Marlborough Region types have been grown in NZ gardens since 1865, but it was not until the 1940’s that Kahili ginger was recorded in the wild. Wild ginger infestations exist throughout the North Island with isolated infestations in the South Island. Wild ginger is in numerous gardens in Marlborough and is starting to escape into the wild.