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IDENTIFYING INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANTS “Healthy Lakes Need Aquatic Plants” “Aquatic plants become a problem when they grow excessively and alter the aquatic environment” “Effective Weed Management is Plant-specific and Multi-faceted” INTEGRATED PLANT MGT: A Multi-Tool Approach EARLY DETECTION & RAPID RESPONSE MANAGEMENT OF ESTABLISHED INVADERS • Education • “Weed Watching” • Mechanical/Physical • Preventative Measures (boat cleaning, etc.) • Rapid treatment at first sign of introduction • Chemical PREVENTION • Biological “More invasive weeds are spreading across the country and New York State” “Citizen Monitoring: You Don’t Need to Be Able to Identify Every Plant!” Looking at Plants Leaf Types Leaf Margins Leaf Arrangements Leaf Type Whole leaves Divided leaves What type is your leaf? Whole Leaves Divided Leaves What makes a leaf a leaf? Definition: A colored, usually green expansion, growing from the side of a stem or rootstock, attached to the stem at the node. What’s a leaflet? One of the segments of a compound leaf How many pairs of leaflets do you count? LeafMargin Margin Leaf Leaf Arrangement How are the leaves arranged? Water Chestnut Native to Asia. Introduced into NY in late 1800’s. Annual. Produces thorny four pointed nutlettes in early summer. Each nutlet has 100+ new seeds. Each seed can produce 10 to 15 rosettes. Forms dense mats of floating rosettes. Are rooted to the bottom. Stems can be 15 ft long. Water Chestnut Floating leaves are triangular with toothed edges. The tops are waxy. Submersed leaves are feather like. Small white flowers with four petals can bloom late June through September. Inhabits lakes, ponds and slow moving waters. Locations Keuka Lake Outlet Marsh Otisco Lake Oneida Lake Cross Lake Oswego River Seneca River Sterling Creek in Cayuga County Montezuma Wildlife Refuge Sodus Bay and Braddock Bay on Lake Ontario European Frogbit Originated from Eurasia. Introduced to Ottawa in 1932 Annual. Reproduces by stolons (runners) which produce daughter plants or by turions (overwintering buds) that grow into new plants. Spreads rapidly by means of water, birds, boats, and humans. European Frogbit Identification Free-floating (roots do not anchor) “Valentine Plant”. Leathery heart shaped leaves that are purplish red underneath Leaves are a half an inch to 2 ¼ inches in length and width Can look like a miniature waterlily White single 3-petalled flower European Frogbit Identification Broad arching lateral veins with 75-90 degree angles from mid-rib. Found in quiet edges of rivers, lakes and open marshes. European Frogbit Locations Oneida Lake. Sterling Creek in Cayuga County Montezuma Wildlife Refuge. Water Chestnut and European Frogbit Look-Alikes Spatterdock Larger heart shaped leaves up to 16 inches long. Yellow flowers. Large mid-rib Parallel or overlapping round lobes Water Chestnut and European Frogbit Look-Alikes Water Lily Round leaves with pointed lobes that are 6 to 8 inches in length. Many petalled white flowers that float on water surface. Veins on leaf radiate out from where leaf and stem meet. Hydrilla Native to Southeast Asia. First found in Florida in the 1950s. One of the world’s most invasive plants. Submersed and rooted. Can quickly grow stems up to 30 ft long and form dense mats. Can grow up to a foot a day. Small fragments can sprout roots and form new populations. Forms turions (overwintering bud). Main form of propagation seems to be tubers that overwinter in sediment. Leaves are about 5/8 of an inch long. Most have 5 leaves. Young ones can have 3. Most identifying characteristics are the small, white to yellowish potato like tubers attached to the roots and white floating flowers. Hydrilla Locations Found in the Cayuga Inlet Undergoing herbicide treatment this summer. Erie Canal in North Tonawanda Hydrilla Look-Alike . Brazilian Waterweed/Elodea Invasive species found in Westchester and Long Island (please report if found) Lance shaped leaves about 1 inch long and ¼ inch wide. Arranged in whorls of 4 to 6 leaves. Leaves are smooth. No teeth on mid-rib. Small serrations on leaf margin hard to see with naked eye. Hydrilla Look-Alikes Elodea Leaves same size as hydrilla but the small lance shaped leaves are usually in whorls of no more than 3. Leaves appear and feel smooth Lack of spines at midrib No tubers when pulled from sediment. Hydrilla Look-Alikes Southern Naiad Leaves are narrow and ribbon-like with broad base where they attach to the stem. Leaves are in pairs on opposite sides of the stem. Leaf is tapered with small teeth. Leaves are deep green to purplish green. Eurasian Watermilfoil Found in all Finger Lakes. Submersed rooted perennial that forms dense mats at the surface. Can grow 20 ft long. Has small reddish flowers raised above the water on a spike that blooms from July to August. Reproduces from plant fragments. Eurasian Watermilfoil Feathery blunt-ended leaves less than 2 inches long in whorls of 3 to 6 with 14 to 20 pairs of thread like leaflets. Leaves fall limp when removed from water. Green or reddish brown to purple branching stems and the shoots near the surface are reddish brown. Eurasian Watermilfoil Look Alikes Northern Watermilfoil Leaves tend to be more stiff and bristly than Eurasian watermilfoil and leaves tend to be stiff when removed from the water. Whorls of 4 to 5 feather like leaves smaller than a quarter with 5 to 12 pairs of leaflets. Tips and shoots lack reddish brown color. Fir tree shaped leaves. Eurasian Watermilfoil Look Alikes Coontail Free floating submersed perennial. Leaves are not feather-like Bristle like leaves are toothed and have forked division. Leaves are in tight whorls of 5 to 12 that are tight at the tips, resembling a raccoons tail. Leaves keep shape out of water. Curly Leaf Pondweed Native to Eurasia, Africa and Australia. Submersed rooted perennial plant. Spreads through fragmentation, rhizomes, and turions (winter buds). One of the first plant to emerge in early spring and can grow under ice. Curly Leaf Pondweed Flat spaghetti-like reddish brown stems grow 1 to 3 feet long. Reddish green leaves are finely toothed, oblong in shape and typically about 3 inches long. with distinct wavy edges like lasagna noodles. Crispy feel. Spring leaves are wider and less wavy than winter leaves. Dormant in July and August. Curly Leaf Pondweed Locations Throughout New York State. Otisco Lake Skaneateles Lake Cayuga Lake Owasco Lake Seneca Lake Canandaigua Lake Keuka Lake. Curly Leaf Pondweed Look Alike Clasping Leaf Pondweed Wide oval shaped leaves with smooth edges. Leaf margins are slightly crisped. Basal parts of leaves clasp straight and slender plant stems. “Prevention Is Crucial to Stopping Future Infestations” “Taking Care of Our Lake is Everyone’s Responsibility” Adopt-A-Shoreline Program Volunteer Hand Pulling- Water Chestnut No Aquatic Hitch-hikers Responsible choices in aquariums and ponds Lake-friendly PracticesYards & Homes Reporting Suspected hydrilla http://ccetompkins.org/environment/invasivespecies/hydrilla-suspects On-line citizen science portal http://flicitizenscience.wordpress.com/submit-afinding/ iMapInvasives http://www.imapinvasives.org/ Funding Partial funding for these trainings is supported though a grant/cooperative agreement from the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
