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PECONIC LAND TRUST Agricultural Center at Charnews Farm Local Resource List The Internet is the best way to access information regarding each of these companies. It has become the most wonderful tool for lifetime learning. Many of today’s supply and seed catalogs are loaded with planting, cover crop, and pest control charts and are a tremendous source of information. I encourage you to tap into the free resources available on the internet and in these catalogs: NOFA – NY ‐ Northeast Organic Farming Association Green Island Distributors ‐730 West Main St. Riverhead. Growing supplies, tools and some soil amendments Island Bio Greens –Shelter Island ‐ Organic Fertilizers and soil amendments, and also sells North Country Organics – Vermont ‐ Organic Fertilizers and soil amendments LICA ‐ Long Island Cauliflower Association – Marcy Ave. Riverhead Green Island Distributors –Riverhead ‐ horticultural supplies Agway‐ Southold & Riverhead ‐ Espoma soil amendments and gardening supplies Cornell Cooperative Extension –Riverhead ‐ information re: regional agriculture Peconic River Herb Farm – Calverton ‐ Christine Spindler programs, great source of creative and diverse plant materials and supplies Local Garlic Growers & Suppliers : Golden Earthworm Organic Farm, 652 Peconic Bay Blvd., Aquebogue, NY 11931 (631) 722‐ 3302 Garden of Eve Organic Farm , 4558 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901 (631) 722‐8777 Sang Lee Farms, 25180 County Road 48, Peconic, NY 11958 (631) 734‐7001 Peconic River Herb Farm, 2749 River Rd. Calverton, NY 11933 (631) 369‐0058 PLT ‐ Quail Hill Farm, Old Stone Rd. Amagansett, NY (631) 283‐3195 Garden Fusion Herbs 540 Rocky Point Rd. East Marion, NY (631)477‐1210 ATTRA SARE MOFGA NOFA GSF Denise’s Favorite Educational Resources: National Sustainable Agriculture Resource Association Sustainable Agriculture Resource & Education Maine Organic Farmer/Gardeners Association Northeast Organic Farming Association Garlic Seed Foundation Rose Valley Farm Rose, NY Seed Companies: Fedco Johnny’s Seeds of Change The Cook’s Garden Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds High Mowing Organic Seeds Ronnigers Seed and Potato Company Seed Savers Exchange Albert Lea Seed House Mail Order Suppliers: Gardeners Supply ‐ Vermont Peaceful Valley Farm Supply Harmony Farm Supply Co. Bountiful Gardens & Ecology Action ‐ Willits CA The Fertrell Company Vermont Compost Company Vermont Bean Seed Company Filaree Farm Garlic McEnroe Organic – potting mixes and compost North Country Organics Fertilizer– Vermont Prepared by Sandra Menasha Vegetable/Potato Specialist Cornell Cooperative Extension – Suffolk [email protected] What you need to start your seeds indoors Creating a fertile soilless mix Timing Transplanting vs. direct seeding Hardening Succession Planting Wider range of varieties to choose from Less expensive Organically available varieties as well Cheaper to grow your own Rewarding and Fun! Seeds Light Seed starting mix Containers Covered trays or plastic bags Heat mat Watering can, spray bottle, and/or bottom tray Markers Best to start with new seeds each year If older may need to plant extra Germination/seed viability lessens each year Purchase from a reputable source Use disease/insect resistant varieties where applicable Heirloom vs. open pollinated vs. hybrid Choose varieties that perform well in our area www.gardening.cornell.edu An heirloom is an open-pollinated variety of a plant that can reproduce itself from seed and was introduced more than 50 yrs ago Open-Pollinated is a non-hybrid plant that will “come true” from seed year after year Hybrid is a plant variety that has been selectively bred utilizing 2 different inbred lines as parents Only save seed from open pollinated varieties Hybrids will not be “true” to type Store in a cool, dry place Silica gel or powdered milk added to container to reduce moisture Store in an air tight container 32 - 41 degrees F and low humidity LABEL! Name, variety, date collected Most vegetable and flower seeds can be kept for 1 year without a significant drop in viability 1-2 years 3-4 years 5-6 years Leek Bean Beet Okra Carrot Cucumber Onion Celery Eggplant Parsley Cole crops Lettuce Parsnip Pea Muskmelon Pepper Squash/pumpkin Radish Corn Tomato Cress Beans, tomato, lettuce, pea, pepper Best chance for success Produce seed the same season Self pollinating Minimize need to be mindful of cross pollination Corn, squash, melon, radish, spinach More for experienced saver Produce seed the same season Cross pollinating Require separation to avoid cross pollination Total of 12-16 hours required Stocky, medium sized plant Low light = leggy and weak Natural Light – south facing window Rotate flats to promote even growth Supplemental lighting necessary Fluorescent lights Forty watt, 48-inch long tubes Full spectrum or one cool and one warm (shop fixtures) Placed 2-4 inches above seedlings Attach aluminum foil to light fixture to reflect more light onto plants Sterile Well drained and well-aerated Commercial Soilless mixes Free from disease, weed seeds, and insects Damping off (Phythium species) Contain peat moss, vermiculite, perlite Low fertility and total soluble salts Organic and conventional blends available Convenient Soil from garden NOT recommended Peat moss Perlite Vermiculite Coconut Coir Top soil Sand Compost Compost Worm castings or Vermicompost Alfalfa meal Kelp meal Greensand Rock phosphate Bone meal Limestone Fertigate with liquid fertilizer at 1st true leaf If using Peat add limestone Compost common pH of peat is low = 3.5 About 20-30% Do not exceed 50% compost in a blend Vermicompost, backyard compost, etc. Good nutrient source Disease suppression Nutrient sources Alfalfa meal, rock phosphate, etc. Conventional Blend 4 qts sphagnum peat 4 qts fine vermiculite 1 Tbsp triple superphosphate 2 Tbsp ground limestone Organic Blend 6 gallons peat ¼ cup lime 4 ½ gallons vermiculite 4 ½ gallons compost 1 ½ cups fertility mix made of: 2 cups rock phosphate 2 cups greensand ½ cup bone meal ¼ cup kelp meal https://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/viewhtml.php?id=47#appendix2 http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/potmix.html Flats, pots, cell trays, peat pots, peat pellets Drainage holes a MUST! Clean and sterile Wash of debris with warm soapy water Sanitize Bleach solution (1 part bleach : 9 parts water) Hydrogen peroxide (1 part hydrogen peroxide : 3 parts water) Selection depends on seed size, space, time, and number needed Plant cucumber, muskmelon, watermelon into individual pots or larger cell packs Tomatoes, lettuce, cole crops, can be seeded into flats and then transplanted into larger containers Done when first true-leaves appear Carefully lift out a group of plants and let fall apart Avoid tearing roots in the process Handle by leaves Set in new container at same depth, firm soil and water in Pepper, eggplant, onions, leeks, herbs Don’t handle transplanting as well Seed into individual cells DON’T START PLANTS TOO EARLY!!! Elongated, pale green, weak transplants Based on average last spring frost Frost-free date April 20th Most of Suffolk and Eastern Nassau Colder parts of central Suffolk – after April 20th Fall harvested crops based on average first frost date October 20th most of Suffolk Seed packets will direct you to start seeds indoors a set number of weeks before last spring frost Warm Season Tomatoes Peppers Eggplant Corn Cucumbers Squash Basil Beans Planted after frost-free date Set in garden end of May/early June Cool Season Crops Lettuce Peas Broccoli Spinach Leeks Onions Kale Carrots Planted before frost-free date Set in Garden early April Tomatoes Set in Garden 4-6 weeks after last frost date – April 20th Set in Garden May 20th Need about 5-6 weeks to produce adequate size transplant Work backwards from field setting date Subtract 5-6 weeks from May 20th to get seeding date Seed indoors on April 13th Direct seed Corn Beans Peas Carrots Beets Squash (summer/winter) Spinach Radish Garlic Transplant Tomatoes Peppers Eggplant Melons** Cucumbers** Basil Lettuce** Broccoli Cabbage **can also be DS Most herbs from Mediterranean Temperate Climate Most all can be started as transplants indoors like basil, parsley, dill, mint, thyme, rosemary Seeds are usually very small Can also be direct seeded into the garden Weeds Perennials once established will come back Can allow to re-seed themselves Most can be started indoors Zinnias, cosmos, echinacea, pansies, marigolds, calendula Can also be direct seeded but transplants provide a good start Sunflowers, nasturtiums, sweet pea Direct seeded in the garden Seed or transplant in garden after last frost Seed packets – informative! Pre-moisten germination mix Mix with water or set filled containers in a tray of 1” water overnight Allow to drain Fill containers about ¾ way full with mix Using a pencil or tray make holes ¼ inch deep Place one seed per hole Cover lightly with more mix Generally, cover to a depth 2x diameter of the seed Extremely fine seeds like snapdragon, petunia, begonia do not cover but mist in Spray bottle better than watering can Doesn’t displace small seeds Moisture and warmth required Temperatures between 70-75 degrees F ideal for most vegetables, herbs and flowers Night time temperatures between 60-65 degrees F Cool season crops like lettuce, broccoli can be kept cooler both day and night Heating mats Plastic bags, wrap or plastic domes to keep in moisture Surface should be kept moist not wet Remove once seeds germinate Keep out of direct sunlight until germination After germination provide light Keep day temperatures between 65-70 F and night temperatures between 55-60 F Ensure hardier, stockier plants Begin fertilization at start of first true leaves 12-16 hours a day Light 2-6 inches above plants and adjusted as needed Fish emulsion Once every week Plain water in-between fertilizer applications Most transplants take 4-6 weeks Cucurbits about 2-4 weeks Peppers and eggplant about 6-8 weeks # 1: Do Not Overwater! Damping off Seed rot Fungus gnats Weak and stunted plants Allow to dry out between watering but avoid wilting Bigger container = bigger plant Do not allow seedlings to become root bound Stressed seedlings that don’t transplant well Transplant seedlings from flats at first true leaves Method used to better acclimate the seedlings to outdoor conditions Harden plants by bringing outdoors during the day Gradually increase sun exposure each day Avoid windy days or temps below 45 °F Reduce watering slightly to reduce growth Cold frame works well here Shady location at first Grown in protected ideal conditions Do not allow to wilt Do this 7 to 14 days before ready to field plant Choose healthy, disease free plants Transplant on a cloudy day with little to no wind if possible Plants grown in peat pots or pellets do not need to be removed from container Break base of peat pot to help roots establish Cover top edge of pots May evaporate moisture from root ball Carefully remove plants from plastic pots or cells retaining as much soil around roots as possible Dig a hole about 2x as large as the soil mass around roots Set plants in the ground at same level previously growing Tomatoes can be planted deeper if lanky Develop roots along the stem Gently but firmly pack soil around roots Water transplants in Mix with liquid fertilizer Reduce Transplant Shock Corn Carrots Beets Spinach Summer/winter squash Pumpkins Peas Beans Cucumbers Lettuce Chard Radish Garlic Herbs Potatoes Beets Seedbed preparation important Right temperature, moisture, and air needed for germination Smaller the seed the finer the soil surface Soil broken up to fair depth for root crops Organic matter helps retain moisture and fluff in soil Good seed to soil contact Rows or patches/beds Seeding equipment or by hand Cool Season crops planted before or on frost free date Peas, lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, radish, beets, leeks, potatoes, onions, carrots, spinach Soil Temperatures 40°F – 50°F Warm season crops planted 4-6 weeks after frost free date Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, melons, squashes, corn, green beans Soil temperature 55°F – 60°F Soil Thermometers Inexpensive Take temp same time over several days and average out 7 am best time of day At 2” and 4” depth Planting methods that increase crop availability during a growing season by making efficient use of space and timing. Two or more crops in succession: After one crop is harvested, another is planted in the same space. For example, a cool season spring crop could be followed by a heat-loving summer crop. Same crop, successive plantings: Several smaller plantings are made at timed intervals, rather than all at once. The plants mature at staggered dates, establishing a continuous harvest over an extended period. Lettuce and other salad greens are common crops for this approach. Same crop, different maturity dates: Several varieties are selected, with different maturity dates: early, main season, late. Planted at the same time, the varieties mature one after the other over the season. Plant at 1-3 week intervals Beets Carrots Lettuce Broccoli/ Cabbage Spinach Tomato planting Late May, and Late June Cool season vegetables can be grown mid summer but quality reduced and bolt sooner April-May August-September Skip planting June-July : warm season crops Thank you