Download Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca subsp

Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca
subsp. fascicularis)
Si n ón i mos: Diplachne maritima, Leptochloa polystachya, Festuca polystachya, Diachroa procumbens, Festuca
procumbens, Festuca prostrata , Festuca texana , Festuca thouini, Leptochloa tracyi, Diplachne tracyi, Tridens veralensis,
Uralepis virens, Tridens virens, Leptochloa fascicularis var. acuminata , Leptochloa fascicularis var. fascicularis, Leptochloa
fascicularis var. marítima , Leptochloa acuminata , Diplachne acuminata , Festuca aquatica , Festuca clandestina , Uralepis
composita , Leptochloa fascicularis, Diplachne fascicularis, Cynodon fascicularis, Festuca fascicularis
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Comments 1
Bearded Sprangletop (Leptochloa fascicularis) is a rather weedy-looking grass that likes to sprawl across
open ground. Nonetheless, its stiff inflorescence can be more or less erect. This grass is very similar in
appearance to a more western species, Malabar Sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca). The latter species has
larger glumes and its foliage is even more rough-textured. Some authorities classify Bearded
Sprangletop as a subspecies of the latter species, or Leptochloa fusca fascicularis. Other Leptochloa
spp. (Sprangletop grasses) in Illinois are perennials; they have spikelets that lack awns and their glumes
and lemmas are shorter in length. These species also occur in wetlands, primarily in southern Illinois.
National distribution 2
Canada
Ori gi n : Native
R egu l ari ty : Regularly occurring
Cu rren tl y : Present
Con fi d en ce : Confident
United States
Ori gi n : Native
R egu l ari ty : Regularly occurring
Cu rren tl y : Present
Con fi d en ce : Confident
Physical description
Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems trailing, spreading or prostrate, Stems nodes swollen or brittle,
Stems mat or turf forming, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section,
or polygonal, Stems compressed, flattened, or sulcate, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes,
Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding
basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at
base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy at summit,
throat, or collar, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide,
Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly
glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled , Ligule present,
Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike,
fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose
or spicate branches, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to
numerous, Inflorescence branches 1-sided, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets
laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets with 8-40 florets,
Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets
disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the
florets, Spikelets secund, in rows on one side of rachis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present,
empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent
lemma, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or
membranous, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma
awnless, Lemma mucronate, very shortly beaked or awned, less than 1-2 mm, Lemma straight, Palea
present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2
keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
Type information 3
Typ e col l ecti on for Tridens virens Nees
Catal og N u mb er: US 101953
Col l ecti on : Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Veri fi cati on Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Prep arati on : Pressed specimen
Col l ector(s): ex herb. Nees
Local i ty: Joazeiro., Bahia, Brazil, South America
Range and habitat in illinois 1
The native Bearded Sprangletop is occasional in SW Illinois, and uncommon or absent in the rest of the
state (see Distribution Map). At one time, this species was uncommon and largely restricted to SW
Illinois, but it has become more common and is spreading into new areas. Habitats include wet open
woodlands, disturbed areas of marshes, sand flats, construction sites, roadside ditches, and low gravelly
areas along railroads. This grass flourishes in low areas where road salt accumulates; it also likes low
areas where limestone gravel is present. In the Great Plains and western states, this grass can be found
in brackish marshes. In Illinois, this species is more common in disturbed areas. Faunal Associations
National nature serve conservation status 2
Canada
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : N1 - Critically Imperiled
United States
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : N4 - Apparently Secure
Taxonomy 2
Commen ts : Varieties not recognized within Leptochloa fascicularis (treated as Leptochloa fusca ssp.
fascicularis) by Kartesz (1999); the vars. maritima and fascicularis had been recognized by him in 1994.
References
1. © John Hilty, some rights reserved
2. © NatureServe, some rights reserved
3. © Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, some
rights reserved