Download Zacate gigante anual (Leptochloa fusca)

Zacate gigante anual (Leptochloa fusca)
Si n ón i mos: Diplachne fusca, Uralepis fusca, Festuca fusca, Ottochloa malabarica, Hemigymnia malabarica,
Centotheca malabarica , Diplachne malabarica , Digitaria malabarica , Leptochloa malabarica , Panicum malabaricum,
Diplachne reptatrix, Festuca reptatrix
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Derivation of specific name 1,2
fusca: greyish-brown or dark greyish-brown, fuscous
Brief 3
"Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Assessed: 2010 Assessor/s: Anitha, K.
Reviewer/s: Sadasivaiah, B., Bhat, G.K., Augustine, J., Rao, M.L.V., Dahanukar, N. & Molur, S. Contributors:
Molur, S. Justification: This is a common grass that is widely distributed across Africa, Southeast and
East Asia and faces no major threats. It is therefore assessed as Least Concern. Conservation Actions:
Conservation action not identified for the species."
Range description 4,5
Leptochloa ginae is a strict endemic species of Morocco. It is very rare with a very restricted
distribution. It is known from four localities of which two are located on the Atlantic coastline: on the
right strand of the Massa river and on the right strand of the Arksis river (limit Anti Coastal Atlas and
Saharan Morocco). The two other localities, situated in the Moroccan part of North Sahara, are slightly
continental: El Aoune of the Dra, to about 500 m elevation and Jbel Bou tagount. Its extent of occurrence
is about 1,500 km.
Physical description
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax,
sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section,
or polygonal, Stems compressed, flattened, or sulcate, Stems branching above base or distally at nodes,
Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall,
Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked,
distic hous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous,
Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly
flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades
scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Ligule a
fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle,
glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose or spicate
branches, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Inflorescence branches 1-sided, Flowers
bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide,
Spikelets with 8-40 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets
bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes per sistent, Spikelets disarticulating
beneath or between the florets, Spikelets secund, in rows on one side of rachis, Rachilla or pedicel
glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes
shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous,
hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex
dentate, 2-fid, Lemma awnless, Lemma mucronate, very shortly beaked or awned, less than 1-2 mm,
Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to
lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 1, Stamens 2, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched,
Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
Diagnostic 6
"Aquatic or semi-aquatic perennials. Culms tufted, erect 30-100 cm high, rooting and branching from
the lower nodes. Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-acuminate, 8-35 x 0.2-0.6 cm, rounded at base,
glaucous. Sheaths keeled. Ligules ovate, acute, 5-6 mm long, membranous. Panicles 10-30 cm long,
densely spiculate. Spikelets linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 x 1-1.5 mm, 4-6-flowered. Lower
glume oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-2 x 0.5-1 mm, chartaceous, 1-nerved. Upper glume oblong or
elliptic-oblong, 2.5-3 x 1 mm, mucronate, chartaceous, 1-nerved. Lemmas oblong or linear-oblong, 4-5 x
1-1.5 mm, 3-lobed, muticous, chartaceous, 3-nerved, villous along the nerves in the lower half. Paleas
oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2-3 x 1 mm, delicate, 2-keeled, 2-nerved, scabrid along the keels. Stamens 3;
anthers c. 1 mm long. Ovary oblanceolate, 0.25-0.5 mm long; styles 0.5-1 mm long; stigmas 1-2 mm
long."
Type information 7
Isotyp e for Uralepis alba Steud.
Catal og N u mb er: US 899275
Col l ecti on : Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Veri fi cati on Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Prep arati on : Pressed specimen
Col l ector(s): K. G. Kotschy
Year Col l ected : 1839
Local i ty: In littore Lacus Tura as montem Cordofanum Arasch-cool. [On shore of Lake Tura As (?),
mountains of Kurdofan, Arasch-cool?], Kordafan, Sudan, Africa
Habitat and ecology 4,5
Hab i tat an d Ecol ogy
Leptochloa ginae is a perennial whose biological type varies from Chamaephyte to Geophyte. The plant
grows on arid and hot quartzitic or dolomitic rocks of the banks of rivers. It blooms in summer under
the arid Mediterranean bioclimate.
Systems
Terrestrial
Freshwater
Cyclicity 6
Flowering and fruiting: September-December
Statistics of barcoding coverage: diplachne fusca 8
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1
Iucn red list assessment 4,5
R ed Li st Category
EN
Endangered
R ed Li st Cri teri a
B1ab(iii)
Versi on
3.1
Year Assessed
2010
Assessor/s
Ibn Tattou, M., Rhazi, L. & Grillas, P.
R evi ewer/s
Grillas, P., Ali, M.M., de Blair, G., Alves, P., Temple, H. (IUCN Species Programme) & Muller, S.D.
Con tri b u tor/s
Ju sti fi cati on
Leptochloa ginae has a small extent of occurrence (1,500 km) and is only found at four locations that are
under a high pressure from intensive grazing and urban as well as tourism development. It is therefore
classified as Endangered.
National nature serve conservation status 9
Canada
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : N1 - Critically Imperiled
United States
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : N5 - Secure
Population 4,5
Pop u l ati on
No data on the size of the populations or on their present trends is available.
Pop u l ati on Tren d
Unknown
Threats 10,11
M aj or Th reats
There are no specific threats reported for the species.
Conservation actions 10,11
Con servati on Acti on s
Conservation action not identified for the species.
Comments 12,13
This is a widespread, polymorphic species varying in habit, height, and robustness of the culm,
compactness of the inflorescence, and in the lemma tip. It is a salt-tolerant species and is known to
excrete salt through glands on the leaves.
Taxonomy 9
Commen ts : The concept of Leptochloa fusca in Kartesz (1999) includes material previously treated as
Leptochloa fascicularis (L. fusca ssp. fascicularis) and Leptochloa uninervia (L. fusca ssp. uninervia).
References
1. Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth. Flora of
Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at
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http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=104500
© Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings, some rights reserved
© India Biodiversity Portal, some rights reserved
Ibn Tattou, M., Rhazi, L. & Grillas, P. 2010. Leptochloa ginae. In: IUCN 2014 . IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. Version 2014.1 . <www.iucnredlist.org>
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, some rights reserved
© India Biodiversity Portal, some rights reserved
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, some
rights reserved
© Barcode of Life Data Systems, some rights reserved
© NatureServe, some rights reserved
Anitha, K. 2013. Leptochloa fusca. In: IUCN 2014 . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version
2014.1 . <www.iucnredlist.org>
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, some rights reserved
Flora of China Vol. 22: 469, 512 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA, some rights
reserved