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Download Ecology of the Zenobia shipwreck and Marine Research
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Ecology of the Zenobia shipwreck and Marine Research Antonis Petrou Marine Biologist © Larnaka Napa Sea Cruises SO WHAT’S THE BIG DEAL? SHIPWRECK “ZENOBIA” © Rassan Doubbane © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Rassan Doubbane Chromis Nursery © Enalia Physis Juvenile Scorpion Fish - Nursery © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis THE BIODIVERSITY IS INSANE © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis CORALS © Enalia Physis © Rassan Doubbane © Enalia Physis SPONGES © Enalia Physis © Rassan Doubbane © Enalia Physis © Rassan Doubbane © Rassan Doubbane Negotiating space: Composition of the marine encrusting communities of the Zenobia Shipwreck (Larnaka, Cyprus] Jimenez Carlos 1, 2, Petrou Antonis 2, Evriviadou Marina 1, 2, Hadjioanou Louis 2, Munkes Britta 3 and Lange Manfred A.1 [1] Energy, Environment, Water Research Centre of The Cyprus Institute, [2] Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre , Cyprus, [3] FB3 Marine Ecology, GeoMar, Germany Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC) Very high diversity Competition Predation Extreme grazers Extreme idiots METHODS • Cover [area%] • Photo quadrates Coral Point Cover-Excel extensions [CPCe] www.nova.edu/ocean/cpce • High diversity • Uncommon species [Levant] • Extreme conditions/substrate CO2 ponds Spill over and cascades Thermistors Comparative Evaluation of the encrusting communities at contrasting study sites Zenobia Wreck (Cyprus) vs Alice B Wreck (Lebanon) ALICE-B 49m length Militias 1985 30-38m depth © A.S. Haddad ALICE-B vs. ZENOBIA • Few differences in cover [%] • Different species composition & diversity • Heterotrophy (prey on large zooplankton) • Resilient species – “Cockroaches” • Recruitment and settlement differ • Different environmental histories • Management under extreme conditions © Enalia Physis IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL DIVING ON THE “ZENOBIA” SHIPWRECK IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL DIVING ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES DIVING IS RAPIDLY-GROWING COMPONENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURISM INDUSTRY, ESPECIALLY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA. DIVERS CAN EASILY DAMAGE MARINE ORGANISMS THROUGH PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH THEIR HANDS, BODY, EQUIPMENT, AND FINS. 2003, The Times: “Top 10 wreck dives in the world” "SS President Coolidge", Vanuatu "Thistlegorm", Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt "USS Oriskany", Pensacola, Florida "Fujikawa Maru", Truk, Micronesia "Blackjack B17", Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea "SS Yongala", off coast of Ayr, Australia "MV Captain Keith Tibbetts", Cayman Islands "Zenobia", Larnaca Bay, Cyprus "Umbria", Wingate Reef, Sudan "SMS Markgraf", Scapa Flow, Scotland. GETTING TOO FRIENDLY © Enalia Physis © Rassan Doubbane FISH FEEDING © Rassan Doubbane SURVIVABILITY IS INFLUENCED BY FEEDING © Enalia Physis © Alfonso Siciliano COMPETITION FOR PREY IS INFLUENCED BY FEEDING ACTIVITIES SO BALANCE IS AFFECTED UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA PHOTOQUADRATS TECHNIQUE AND USING OF CPCe SOFTWARE TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL DIVING ON THE MACROALGAE COVERAGE OF THE SHIPWRECK "ZENOBIA" (CYPRUS - MEDITERRANEAN SEA) Siciliano Alfonso, Petrou Antonis © Alfonso Siciliano THE METHOD © Alfonso Siciliano SAMPLING AREAS We have chosen three areas to be sampled using transects, two "impact" zones (zone A and B), selected according to the classic routes that divers (recreational or otherwise) running on the shipwreck and, therefore, the possible impact that we decided to quantify, and a "control" zone (zone R). Transect R Transect B Transect A © Alfonso Siciliano RANDOM TRANSECT DESIGN © Alfonso Siciliano © Alfonso Siciliano SPECIFIC COVERAGE Sargassum sp. R TRANSECT B TRANSECT A TRANSECT 52% 3% 0% 3.7% 1.25% 1% 4% 0.11% 0.08% Peyssonnelia sp. Padina pavonica © Alfonso Siciliano CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the diving is having a significant impact on the macroalgae coverage of the shipwreck, especially in areas subject to high levels of use where divers come into contact with the hull. © Alfonso Siciliano Mucilage Possible reasons: Change in temp, oceanographic changes, eutrophication events © Enalia Physis Suggestions Future research • Mucilage causes • Effect of air bubbles on the wreck’s ecology • Effect of oil • Further studies on the coralligenous communities and ichthyofauna © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • • • • • • Larnaka Napa Sea Cruises AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd CORER German Program for the Lebanese Sea University of Messina – Alfonso Siciliano Octopus Divers Junieh – Lebanon Rassan Doubbane THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! www.enaliaphysis.org.cy a.petrou@ enaliaphysis.org.cy [email protected]
