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Transcript
Ecology Sondre Iversen, August 2010 Use of transect as sampling tehnique • Measuring the effect of abiotic factors on organisms within a habitat • Environmental gradient • A tape is layed on the ground, covering the preferable gradient in the environment • Abiotic factors found along the tape are noted down • Two types: Line transect, belt transect • Line transect: • • All organisms in contact with the tape is noted Belt transect: • All organisms within the marked quadrant is taken down. Transect cont. Niche consept • The organism’s role in the ecosystem • Spatial habitat: • The area inhabited by the organism • Organism causes change to the habitat • Feeding activities: • • Helps in keeping other populations at a suitable level Interaction • Includes competition, herbivory, predation, parasitism, mutualism Types of interaction • • Competition: • Two species rely on the same resource. One is better adapted than the other • Coyotes and red foxes • Natterjack toad and common toad Herbivory • Primary consumer feeding on a producer • Rabbits • Humans or larvae etc... Interaction cont. • Predation • Predator = consumer • Consumer eating consumer • Number of pray effect number of predators. Number of predators effect number of pray • Lynx and hare/deer • Heron and frogs • Parasitism • Organism living on/off a host causing harm to the host. • Depends on the host for partial or whole life cycle • Plasmodium • Leeches Interaction cont. • Mutualism • Two species living together were both benefit from the relationship • Lichen • Alagae and fungi • Clown fish and sea anemones • Mutualism, parasitism, (commensalism) are all types of symbiosis