Download italy: birthplace of the renaissance

THIS WEEK
4 day week this week—3 day week next week!!!
 T- Renaissance Man
 W/TR- Renaissance men/artists
 F- Northern Renaissance
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NEW:
Notes MAX one page, front/back
 All together so you do not lose them
 More activities to do with partners
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Expectations:
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Work hard, be respectful, complete assignments
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http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers?v=
7e2bA3tTYow&lr=1
WARM UP:
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What do you know about the Renaissance?
Name an artist that you know from the
Renaissance.
What would you like to learn about the
Renaissance? Name two things.
ITALY: BIRTHPLACE OF THE
RENAISSANCE
ENJOYING LIFE

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During the late
middle ages,
Europe suffered
from war and
plague
Those who
survived wanted
to enjoy life
DOUBTS AND QUESTIONS

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People start to
question the Church
which taught
Christians to endure
suffering to get to
heaven
Start to question
society which blocked
social advancement
RENAISSANCE-”REBIRTH”
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Between the years
1300-1600 there was
an explosion of
creativity in Europe
Historians call this
period the Renaissance
which means rebirth
In this case, a rebirth
of art and learning
WHERE IT BEGAN

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Renaissance
began in
northern Italy
and later spread
north- Florence
One reason
Europe lagged
behind is that
France and
England were
locked in the
Hundred Years’
War
ITALY’S ADVANTAGES

Italy had 3 advantages that encouraged the
Renaissance:
1. thriving cities
2. a wealthy merchant class
3. classical heritage of Greece and Rome
THRIVING CITIES
The crusades spurred trade and growing citystates in Italy
 Northern Italy was urban while the rest of
Europe was still rural
 Cities were places where people shared ideas
and intellectual growth occurred

THRIVING CITIES
Bubonic plague killed
60% of the population
bringing economic
changes
 Survivors could
demand higher wages
with fewer workers
 A smaller population
shrank opportunities
for business expansion

WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS
Wealthy merchants
began to pursue
other interests like
art
 City-states like
Milan and Florence
collected own taxes
and had its own
armies

WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS
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Merchants were the
wealthiest and most
powerful class and
dominated politics
Unlike nobles,
merchants didn’t inherit
social rank
Successfulness
depended on own skills
Successful merchants
believed they deserved
power and wealth
because they worked
for it
CLASSICAL HERITAGE OF GREECE
AND ROME

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Renaissance scholars
looked down on the arts of
the Middle Ages
Wanted to return to the
learning of the Greeks and
Romans
Another reason the
Renaissance began in Italy,
artists drew inspirations
from the ruins of Rome
Byzantine scholars brought
ancient Greek manuscripts
after the fall of
Constantinople
THE MEDICI’S
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The city of Florence came
under power of the Medici
family who made a fortune
in banking
Cosimo Medici didn’t run
for political office but
controlled the government
by giving loans to council
members
His grandson, Lorenzo took
power in 1469 after his
grandfather died
ASSASSINATION PLOT
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A rival family was so
jealous of the power of the
Medici’s, that they plotted
to kill Lorenzo and his
brother, Giuliano
As the Medici attended
mass, assassins murdered
his brother at the altar
Lorenzo escaped to a small
room and held off attackers
until help arrived
He had the killers brutally
and publicly executed
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HUMANISM

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Scholars focused on
human potential
and achievements
Studied classical
texts to understand
Greek values
instead of looking
for Christian
messages and
values
Humanists made
subjects like history,
literature and
philosophy popular
ENJOYMENT OF WORLDLY PLEASURES
Some religious people
proved they were
religious by wearing
rough clothing and
eating plain foods
 Humanists suggested
people could enjoy life
without offending God
 In Renaissance Italy,
people enjoyed
material luxuries, fine
music and tasty foods
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Most people remained devout Catholics, but the
spirit of the Renaissance was secular- concern
with here and now attitude
Lived in big mansions, wore expensive clothing,
had big banquets
PATRONS OF THE ARTS
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Renaissance popes
beautified Rome by
spending huge
amounts of money for
art
They became patrons
of the arts by
financially supporting
artists
Medici’s had portraits
made of themselves
THE RENAISSANCE MAN
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All educated people
were expected to
create art
The ideal individual
tried to master every
area of study
Man who excelled in
many fields was
praised as a
universal man- later
called a Renaissance
Man
THE ULTIMATE RENAISSANCE MAN

The book, The Courtier by Baldassare
Catiglione taught how to become a
Renaissance Man
A young man should be charming, witty, and
well educated in the classics. He should
dance, sing, play music and write poetry.
 He should be a skilled rider, wrestler and
swordsman.
 Above all, he should have self control.

THE RENAISSANCE WOMAN
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According to the same
book, upper-class
women should know the
classics, be charming,
inspire art, but rarely
create it
Upper-class renaissance
women were much more
educated than the
typical Middle Ages
woman, but had less
influence
LEONARDO DA VINCI
TH ULTIMATE Renaissance Man
A TURTLE….
LEONARDO DA VINCI
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A true Renaissance Man
Was a sculptor, painter,
inventor, and scientist
Very interested in how things
worked
Studied how muscles move,
veins in leafs
Filled notebook with sketches of
new inventions- even had
diagrams of flying machines
LEONARDO THE SCIENTIST
Studied many topics such
as anatomy, zoology,
botany, geology, optics,
aerodynamics and
hydrodynamics among
others
 He was fascinated by the
study of physiognomy, the
“science” of evaluating a
person’s character by his
or her facial features
 Studied dead bodies to
look at human form

LEONARDO THE ARTIST
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Leonardo’s desire to paint
things realistically was bold
Went beyond his teaching by
making a scientific study of
light and shadow in nature
Objects were not comprised
of outlines, but were actually
3-D bodies defined by light
and shadow
Known as chiaroscuro,
this technique gave his
paintings the soft, lifelike
quality that made older
paintings look “cartoony”
and flat
MYSTERY OF THE MONA LISA
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He recorded in his notebooks
the records of model sittings;
but records of the Mona Lisa
model sitting are nowhere to be
found
Theories are that Leonardo
painted himself, and this
theory is supported by
analyzing the facial features of
Leonardo’s face and that of the
famous painting
If the features of the face were
placed on top of each other, and
flipped, they would align
perfectly
LEONARDO THE INVENTOR
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Adapted drawing skills to the
more lucrative fields of
architecture, military
engineering, canal building and
weapons design
Leonardo wanted to create
"new machines" for a "new
world“
Based on the gear, he came up
with loads of different ideas,
including the bicycle, a
helicopter, an “auto-mobile”,
and many military weapons
Leonardo’s first idea for a catapult
LEONARDO’S HELICOPTER
THE FIRST TANK
“LEO-CHUTE”
DIVING DURING THE RENAISSANCE?
THE WATER LIFT
 This
invention
consists of a water
wheel, two screws
and two towers
 As the water wheel
turns, the screws
turn, pushing the
water up to the
highest tower
 The tall tower acts as
a reservoir for gravity
fed water pipes
THE MACHINE GUN
This machine actually
consisted of three sets of
machine guns, set on a
rotating drum
 When the first set is fired,
the force of the explosion
would pivot the guns
down, bringing the next
set of guns to the top,
ready to be fired.
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THE THREAD CUTTER
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This machine cuts the
threads of screws
A bar, the one to have the
thread cut into it, would
be laid in between the
two screws.
As the cranks on the end
of the table were turned,
the cutting blade would
be carried down the two
screws, creating an even
groove to be used for
screws, bolts, etc.
RENAISSANCE MAN?
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How was Leonardo Da Vinci like a Renaissance
man?
LEARNING GOAL: COURTIER ACTIVITY

To understand the attributes necessary to be a
proper Renaissance man.
THE COURTIER ACTIVITY
Part I-Today
 Part II- Wednesday/Thursday
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Directions:
 Baldassare Castiglione wrote The Courtier, a
book describing life in the royal court. A Whole
generation of young courtiers diligently followed
his advice.
 Read the handout and outline at least 10
attributes of a proper Renaissance man.
 Tomorrow we will work on part II.
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WEDNESDAY/THURSDAY NOVEMBER
14/15TH
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To do today:
Pass out tests 
 Go over part II of activity
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Have 30 minutes to begin it
Assembly
 Go over Renaissance artists
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Go over Renaissance writers
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Video
Assignment to do
Tomorrow is Friday!!!!
WARM UP:
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Name five characteristics of a Renaissance Man.
How is Leonardo Da Vinci like a Renaissance
Man?
DAY TWO: RENAISSANCE
REVOLUTIONIZES ART
LEARNING GOAL: COURTIER ACTIVITY

To understand the attributes necessary to be a
proper MODERN Renaissance man.
PART II: MODERN RENAISSANCE MAN
Part I:
 Question:
 What characteristics, values and ideals in our
contemporary society would be valued today that
might be used to determine whether someone
would be considered a modern “Renaissance Man
or Woman”? Name five things.
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DUE FRIDAY FOR HOMEWORK
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15 minutes to brainstorm right now 
Part II:
Task: Think of a person you know, famous or not, that would be
considered a Renaissance man or woman.
Requirements1.Print out the picture OR draw a picture of your chosen
candidate. Staple it to this sheet.
2.On a separate sheet of paper, write one paragraph describing
the personality traits of your person
3.Then, write one paragraph to connect their traits to the 16th
century description of an ideal “Renaissance Man/Women”. How
do they display these traits? Give specific examples from The
Courtier on how they personify the ideal qualities.
RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES
ART
RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART
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Artistic styles changed
Often portrayed religious subjects, but would use
realistic styles copied from classic models
A TURTLE….
DONATELLO
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Made sculpture more realistic
Carved natural postures and expressions that
reveal personality
MASACCIO
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Painter
Rediscovered the technique of perspective, or 3
dimensional
MICHELANGELO
Another Renaissance Man 
A TURTLE….
SELF PORTRAIT OF MICHELANGELO
Born in 1475
 Died in 1564

BACKGROUND-EARLY LIFE
He was born near Florence,
Italy.
 When he was born his
mother was too ill to care for
him so his father took him to
a stonecutter’s wife who
nursed him and cared for
him. Michelangelo said
that’s why he loved
sculpting.
 Michelangelo was an
architect, painter, poet and
sculptor.

NUDITY IN ART
Nudity in art contains
nakedness. It is not
considered wrong. It
is considered a
symbol of innocence
and beauty. It was
also common in art
at the time.
 It is not the same as
today’s pornographic
idea of nudity.
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FAMOUS FOR…

Famous for the way he portrayed the human body in
sculptor and in paintings
St. Peter’s Basilica
Sistine Chapel
David
STATUE OF DAVID
He made his statues look very lifelike.
Sometimes they were made smooth,
other times left rough.
DAVID
 His
great works were
almost entirely in the
service of the Catholic
Church, and include a
huge statue of the
Biblical hero David
(over 14 feet tall) in
Florence, sculpted
between 1501 and
1504
SCULPTURE
MOSES

Michelangelo made some of his
finest sculpture for the Julius
Tomb, including the Moses (circa
1515), the central figure in the
much reduced monument now
located in Rome's church of San
Pietro in Vincoli.
THE DYING SLAVE
The Bound Slave and the Dying
Slave (both c. 1510-13), Musée du
Louvre, Paris, demonstrate
Michelangelo's approach to carving.
 He conceived of the figure as being
imprisoned in the block.
 Michelangelo left the statues
unfinished (non-finito), either
because he was satisfied with them
as is, or because he no longer
planned to use them.

BACCHUS

The over-life-size Bacchus
(1496-98, Bargello,
Florence). One of the few
works of pagan rather
than Christian subject
matter made by the
master, it rivaled ancient
statuary, the highest
mark of admiration in
Renaissance Rome.

PIETA

The marble Pietà (1498-1500), still in its
original place in Saint Peter's Basilica.
One of the most famous works of art, the
Pietà was probably finished before
Michelangelo was 25 years old, and it is the
only work he ever signed.
ST. PETER’S BASILICA
Michelangelo
designed the dome to
top St. Peter’s
Basilica Church in
Rome
 Began working on
the church in 1546,
and it still wasn’t
finished in 1564
when he died
 Another architect
had to finish it

SISTINE CHAPEL
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Ceiling of Sistine Chapel
HOW WAS IT PAINTED?

Fresco painting: you apply plaster to the wall then
paint on the plaster while it is wet. The painting then
becomes part of the wall. This is how Michelangelo
did the Sistine Chapel ceiling which is why it has
stood for so many years.

Pope Julius made (commissioned) Michelangelo paint
the ceiling. It took him four years to complete the
project.
SISTINE CHAPEL
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From 1508-1512 Michelangelo painted the ceiling
of the Sistine Chapel in Rome
He spent hours each day laying stretched on his
back on top of a high scaffold with paint dripping
into his eyes
During the day, he endured the heat beating
upon the roof of the chapel
At night he worked by candlelight
CREATION OF ADAM
CREATION DETAIL—HANDS TOUCHING
Head of
Adam
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Many of the panels show classical influence
Much of the detail is about the Biblical prophet
Joel
Head of
Eve
Head of God
CREATION OF SUN AND MOON
THE CREATION OF THE HEAVENS
SACRIFICE OF NOAH
SEPARATION OF LIGHT AND DARK
THE LAST JUDGMENT
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This was painted on
the wall of the
chapel.
THE MADONNA OF THE STAIRS
THE ERYTHRAEAN SIBYL
THE FALL FROM GRACE
THE FLOOD
THE PROPHET ZACHARIAH
THE LAST JUDGEMENT

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In Rome, in 1536, Michelangelo
was at work on the Last
Judgment for the alter wall of
the Sistine Chapel, which he
finished in 1541.
The largest fresco of the
Renaissance, it depicts
Judgment Day.
THE LAST JUDGEMENT
RAPHAEL
A TURTLE….
RAPHAEL
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Was younger than
Michelangelo and Leonardo
Learned from studying their
works
Greatest achievement was
filling the walls of the pope’s
library with several
paintings
One of those paintings is the
School of Athens, showing
Raphael and other
Renaissance artists listening
to Greek philosophers
RAPHAEL’S SCHOOL OF ATHENS
WOMEN PAINTERS
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Although Renaissance society generally
restricted women’s roles, a few Italian women
became painters
RENAISSANCE WRITERS
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Francisco Petrarch- a great poet, wrote in
Italian and Latin, composed sonnets (14
line poems)
Boccaccio- Italian writer best known for
the Decameron, realistic, off-color stories
about trying to survive the plague
Niccolo Machiavelli- wrote The Prince, a
political guidebook examining how a ruler
can gain power and keep it, inspired of his
enemies.

He mentioned tricking enemies and his own
people for the good of the state
Niccolo Machiavelli
Boccaccio
Francesco Petrarch
THE RENAISSANCE SPREADS

Toward the end of the 15th Century, Renaissance
ideas began to spread north from Italy to
countries such as France, Germany and England
RENAISSANCE WRITING ACTIVITY
Learning Goals You will be able to analyze the messages that
Renaissance writers were trying to get across.
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Directions: Read each of the excerpts from the
Renaissance. Answer the questions regarding
each in COMPLETE sentences. Prepare to
discuss them with the class.