Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Rosetta Stone wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Thebes, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Index of Egypt-related articles wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian medicine wikipedia , lookup
Art of ancient Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian race controversy wikipedia , lookup
Prehistoric Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian technology wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile 1 Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile The Nile River Longest river in the world (4,160 miles) Branches into the White Nile and the Blue Nile Flows from South to North 2 Easy transportation each way Winds blew north to south to allow sailing Floods annually Egyptians built their civilization near the delta Nile River Farmers learned irrigation Building materials 3 Allowed them to grow up to 3 crops per year Possible to feed a large population Rich deposits of granite, sandstone, and limestone Nile River Other advantages 4 Isthmus of Suez formed a land bridge between Africa and Asia (p. 21) Why was this important? What are other advantages? Hieroglyphics 3000 B.C. 5 Egyptians developed hieroglyphics, a form of writing Pictures and symbols represented words and sounds Carved into stone, then later on papyrus (where we got our word “paper”) Rosetta Stone In 1798, the French invaded Egypt Rosetta Stone was discovered 6 Contained passages in Greek, hieroglyphics, and an Egyptian style called demotic Modern scholars who could read the Greek text, used it to decode the hieroglyphics Why is this so important? Egyptian Kingdoms 2 similar, yet distinct cultures and kingdoms Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Upper kingdom 3200 B.C. 7 Southern kingdom Menes, king of Upper Egypt, united all of Egypt into one kingdom Menes Dynasty Dynasty- family of rulers Under Menes 8 Rule usually passed from father to son Dynasty ends when one family is driven from power or when no family member is left to rule New territories Great wealth Improved irrigation and trade Pharaohs Dynastic rulers were called pharaohs 9 Regarded as gods Great temples and tombs were built to honor them Absolute and unlimited power Led the government, served as judge, high priest, and army general Dynasties From Menes until about 300 B.C., some 30 dynasties ruled Egypt 10 These dynasties are separated into three kingdoms covering different time spans Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Old Kingdom 2680 B.C.- 2180 B.C. Advances in the sciences and arts Lower class Upper class 11 Peasants and farmers Served in the army and worked on building projects Pharaoh, noble family, and government officials First Intermediate Period Lasted 100 years after the Old Kingdom 12 Period of civil war and internal strife Fought for control of the land Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C.-1650 B.C. The Golden Age The Hyksos Introduced chariots and the compound bow Rose to power in Egypt around 1650 B.C. Read p. 23 (last two paragraphs) Followed by the Second Intermediate Period 13 Stability and prosperity 1650 B.C.-1570 B.C. New Kingdom 1570 B.C.-1080 B.C. Characterized by strong pharaohs and expanding territory Built an empire, ruling over many other people and territories See map on p. 24 14 Answer #2 New Kingdom Notable Pharaohs Hatshepsut 15 Ruled from 1503 B.C.1482 B.C. One of the first known female rulers Kept borders secure and built trade with other lands Notable Pharaohs Amenhotep IV Ruled from 1380 B.C.-1362 B.C. 16 Tried to establish monotheism Changed name to Akhenaton-“he who is pleasing to Aton” Aton was the symbol for the sun god Failed to change Egypt’s religious beliefs Egypt’s Decline Ramses II Ruled from 1279 B.C.1213 B.C. Last of Egypt’s great pharaohs 17 AKA Ramses the Great Kept the Egyptian empire together Built many temples and monuments Post-Imperial Period 1080 B.C.-300’s B.C. Egypt began to weaken due to outside invasions 18 Sea Peoples Assyrians Nubians Persians By the 300’s B.C., Egypt was no longer ruled by Egyptians Egyptian Life and Culture 19 Achievements Architecture and Arts Science, Math, and Medicine 20 Pyramids Sculptures Paintings Calendar to predict flooding Geometry Treated illnesses and preserved the dead Education Scribes 21 Clerks who learned to read and write to work for the government Education focused mostly on religious instruction Society Rigid Social Classes Women had many rights Peasants 22 Ranked as equals with husbands in business and social affairs Did most of the farming Kept only a some of the crop, the rest went to the pharaoh Activity Create and complete the chart below You do not need to use complete sentences. Due at the beginning of next class. 12 points Old Kingdom Duration Global Relations Internal Power Structure Technological Developments 23 Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Video Clip What the Ancients Knew: Egyptians 24 30 min.