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Neuro Anatomy عبد اجلبار احلبيـطي.د Lec.8 The lateral ventricle: Is the cavity inside each cerebral hemisphere, it consists of a central part or body (in the parietal lobe) and 3 horns; anterior, posterior & inferior horns. The lateral ventricles communicate with the 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramen (of monro). The anterior horn: - passes forward into the frontal lobe just in front of the level of foramen of monro and has the following boundaries: - I- Roof by the most anterior part of body of corpus callosum & is limited by the genue. II- Floor by the rostrum of corpus callosum, & head of caudate nucleus mainly in addition the paraterminal gyrus cam share in the floor. III- Medial wall by septum pellucidum. The central part (body): - extends from interventricular foramen anteriorly to the splenium posteriorly & is the cavity of parietal lobe, it has following boundaries: - I- Roof is by the under surface of the body of corpus callosum. II- Medial wall by septum pellucidum & body of the fornix. III- Floor by the following from lateral to medial: i- Body of caudate nucleus. ii- Thalamostriate vein & stria terminalis (in the groove between the caudate nucleus & thalamus). iii- A strip of the superior surface of thalamus. iv- Tella choroidea & choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. v- Body of the fornix. In the floor is part of the choroid fissure. Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- I The posterior horn: - starts at the splenium as an extension of the central part of lateral ventricle into the occipital lobe, it has the following boundaries: I- Roof & lateral wall: - mainly by the tapetum & partly by the optic radiation. II- The medial wall shows two elevations: i- Superior one is The Bulb of the posterior horn is caused by the splenial fibers of corpus callosum (forceps major) passing posteriorly into the occipital lobe. ii- Inferior swelling is called Calcar avis is produced by the calcarine sulcus. The inferior horn: - is the continuation of the posterior horn into the temporal lobe, it is bounded as follows: I- Roof by: - i- Tapetum of the corpus callosum. ii- Tail of caudate nucleus ends into the amygdaloid nucleus. iii- Stria terminalis ends into the amygdaloid nucleus. II- Floor is formed by: i- Collateral eminence produced by the collateral sulcus. ii- Hippocampus & pes hippocampus. iii- Alveus & fimbria of the hippocampus where it continue as posterior column of fornix. The choroid fissure: - is the slit like gap between the body of the fornix & superior surface of the thalamus which is situated in the floor of the central part of the lateral ventricle (through which the tella choroidea projects). It is completed by the temporal part of the fissure between the stria terminalis & the fimbria of the hippocampus (In this temporal part of the fissure) the lower part of the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle invaginate. The choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle receives its blood supply from: 1- Anterior choroidal artery which is a branch from internal carotid or middle cerebral artery. Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- II 2- Posterior choroidal artery which is a branch from the posterior cerebral artery. Tella choroidea & choroid plexus: The tella choroidea consists of a core of blood vessel (choroidal artery) surrounded by 2 layers of pia matter to invaginate itself into the ventricles. Choroid plexus: - Is the invaginated tella choroidea with the epindymal lining of the ventricle. Therefore choroid plexus consists of: 1- Vascular core. 2- Two layers of pia. 3- Ependymal layer. The 4th ventricle: Is the cavity of the hind brain encloses between the dorsal surface of pons, upper medulla & the cerebellum, continuous above with 3rd ventricle via cerebral aquiduct & inferiorly lead to the central canal of the spinal cord bounded as: - I- Floor (Anterior wall): - by the dorsal surface of the pons & upper half of the medulla oblongata. II- posterior wall (roof) as follows: i- Upper 1/2 by superior medullary velum stretches between the 2 superior cerebellar peduncles, the lingula & lateral lemniscus. ii- Lower 1/2 by inferior medullary velum stretches between the 2 inferior cerebellar peduncles. III- Lateral boundary on each side by superior cerebellar peduncle above & inferior cerebellar peduncle below and on each side. Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- III The Third Ventricle: Is a relatively slit like gap between the 2 halves of the Diencephalon, it is also called the Diencephalon cavity, which splits the Diencephalon into 2 halves connected together a cross the cavity by the interthalamic connecter. The third ventricle receives the 2 lateral ventricles above at the interventricular foramen of (monro) and inferiorly communicates with the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aquiduct of sylivius (of mid brain).it has the following boundaries: - I- Roof: - Is formed by 2 structures, Tella choroidea medially & a strip of superior surface of thalamus laterally. II- Floor: - by hypothalamic structures that form the contents of interpeduncular fossa includes optic chiasma, median eminence, tuber cinerium, infundibulum & posterior perforated substance. III- Anterior wall: - by lamina terminalis, anterior column of fornix & optic chiasma. IV- Posterior wall: - Is formed by the posterior commissure (guarding the cerebral aquiduct), pineal recess & habenular commissure. V- Lateral wall on each side: - by the medial surface of thalamus & hypothalamus, separated by hypothalamic sulcus. The 2 lateral wall are connected together a cross the cavity by interthalamic connecter. Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- IV Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- V Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- VI Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- VII Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- VIII Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- IX Neuro Anatomy -9 & 10- 10