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Nolte – Chapter 5 (Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid) and all Class-Notes and Lab-Notes tagged with Chapter 5. Ventricles are lined with ependymal cells There are Four Ventricles o Lateral Ventricle anterior horn, body, atrium(where they meet), posterior horn(occipital), and inferior horn(through temporal) Caudate head follows the anterior horn and its tail lies in the roof of the inferior horn. the thalamus forms the body of the ventricle Corpus Collosum is the roof of the anterior horn and body o genu at the anterior horn. hippocampus forms the floor of the medial wall of the inferior horn. foramin of Monro (interventricular formaen) in the anterior horn to connect to… o Third Ventricle in the mideline region of the diencephalon there is a hole where there is the interthalamic adhesion. ends at the lamina terminalis(rostral end of the neural tube) medial thalamus and hypothalamus for the medial wall. there are four protrustions (recesses) optic recess in front of the optic chiasm infundibular recess behind the chiasm pineal recess that invades the stalk of the pineal suprapineal which lies anterior to that stalk cerebral aqueduct(Sylvius) to… o Fourth Ventricle sandwiched between cerebellum and the pons/rostral medulla its floor is the rhomboid fossa where the ending becomes a lateral recess empties into subarachnoid space by three aperatures median aperture(Magendie) o hole in the inferior medullary velum that has an attachment of the medullary to the vermis of the cerebellum thus it joins the cisterna magna lateral aperatures (luschka) Choroid Plexus o secretes most of the CSF which is clear and similar to plasma containes higher conentrations of magnesium and chloride and less potassium and calcium can be depressed by metabolic inhibitors. formed by filtration of blood through choroidal capillaries and the active transport of substances. a route for the spread of neuroactive hormones regulation of extracllular environment sink for substances produced by the brain o made up of ependymal cells that overlay the pia in all regions, but where the piaependyma complex invaginates is where we see choroid epithelium. o the ependymal-pia-capillary complex is known as the choroid plexus. o in the lateral ventricle its in the inferior horn and atrium(glomus) and goes down the interventricular foramen. the invagination is known as the choroid fissure o is on the roof of the third ventricle o in the fourth ventricle it is formed by an invagination of the inferior medullary velum and actually gets exposed to the subarachnoid space. o ependymal is cells of the pia o epithelium is a specialized later of the ependymal layer o It’s a 3-layers membrane between blood and CSF first is endothelilal wall of each choroidal capillary second is scattered pial cells and collagen third is choroid epithelium o Sympathetic stimulation can cause a 30% reduction in CSF production. The Path o Lateral Ventricle o Interentricular formania (Monroe) o Third Ventricle o Cerebral Aqueduct o Fourth Ventricle o Luksha(lateral aperature) and Magendie(medial) o Cisterna Magna/Pontine Cistern o Tentorial Notch passage o Superior Cistern o Superior Sagittal Sinus returned to the venous system through arachnoid villi that penetrate the dural sleeves Problems o hydrocephalus excess production, blockage or deficiency of reabsorption of CSF tumors of the chloroid plexus (papillomas) communicating/non whether lateral ventricles are able to reach subarachnoid blocking ov villi or tentorial notch would still be communicating. The straight sinus is situated within the dura mater, where the falx cerebri meets the midline of tentorium cerebelli.