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Download THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH DIONYSIUS THRAX (c. 100 BC) O
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THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH DIONYSIUS THRAX (c. 100 BC) Onoma (noun): a part of speech inflected for case, signifying a person or thing Rhema (verb): a part of speech without case inflection, but inflected for tense, person, number, signifying an activity or process performed or undone Metoche (participle): a part of speech sharing the features of the verb and the noun Arthon (article): a part of speech inflected for case and preposed or postposed to nouns Antonymia (pronoun): a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for person Prothesis (preposition): a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax Epirrhema (adverb): a part of speech without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb Syndesmos (conjunction): a part of speech binding together the discourse and filling gaps in its interpretation PRISCIAN (c. 500 AD) Nomen (noun, including words now classed as adjectives): the property of a noun is to indicate a substance and a quality, and it assigns a common or a particular quality to every body or thing Verbum (verb) the property of a verb is to indicate an action or a being acted on; it has tense and mood forms, but is not case inflected Participium (participle): a class of words always derivationally referable to verbs, sharing the categories of verbs and nouns (tenses and cases), and therefore distinct from both Pronomen (pronoun): the property of the pronoun is its substitutability for proper nouns and its specificability as to person (first, second, third). A specific property of the pronoun is to indicate substance without quality, a way of interpreting the lack of lexical restriction on the nouns which may be referred to anaphorically by pronouns Adverbium (adverb): the property of an adverb is to be used in construction with a verb, to which it is syntactically and semantically subordinate Praepositio (preposition): the property of the preposition is to be used as a separate word before case inflected words and in composition before both case-inflected and non-caseinflected words. Priscian, like Thrax, identified the first part of words like proconsul (proconsul) and intercurrere (to mingle with) as prepositions. Interiectio (interjection): a class of words syntactically independent of verbs, and indicating a feeling or state of mind Coniunctio (conjunction): the property of conjunctions is to join syntactically two or more members of any other word class, indication a relationship between them MODESTIAE (c. 1350) Nomen: a part of speech signifying by means of the mode of an existent or of something with distinctive characters, a mode of stability and permanence Verbum: a part of speech signifying through the mode of temporal process, detached from the substance of which it is predicated Participium: a part of speech signifying through the mode of an existent, without distinctive characteristics. The mode of existing without distinctive characteristics comes from the property or mode of being of primal matter Adverbium: a part of speech signifying by the mode of being constructed with another part of speech that signifies through the mode of temporal process, and further qualifying that mode but without other syntactic relationships Coniunctio: a part of speech signifying through the mode of joining two other items Praepositio: a part of speech signifying through the mode of syntactic construction with a case inflected word, linking and relating it to an action Interiectio: a part of speech signifying through the mode of qualifying a verb or a participle, and indicating a feeling or an emotion. The specific association of the interjection with verbs and participles springs from its earlier inclusion in the adverb class by the Greek grammarians.