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FACTS ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets The Sun Mercury Information Facts largest object in the solar system The sun is a star The surface of the sun is called the photosphere There are dark spots on the sun which are called sunspots The sun is about 4.5 billion years old It is one of 100 billion stars in our galaxy Mercury has been visited by two space crafts It is similar to the moon in many ways The surface of mercury is very old and has heaps of craters Mercury is often visible with a telescope of the unaided eye Mercury has a small magnetic field It is the eighth largest planet Venus Earth Mars Venus is the sixth largest planet in the solar system It has been known since prehistoric times It is the brightest object in the sky apart from the sun and moon The rotation of Venus is very slow – 243 Earth days equals 1 Venus day Venus is sometimes regarded as Earth’s sister planet as they are very similar Venus has no magnetic field, possibly due to slow rotation Earth is the fifth largest planet The Earth’s surface is very young The Earth is divided into several layers which have distinct properties 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water Earth has eight major plates There are also 20 more smaller plates Mars is the seventh largest planet It is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet Mars has some of the most highly varied and interesting terrain of any of the planets There is evidence of erosion of Mars including large floods and small river systems Mars has been known since prehistoric times It is the most favourable place in the solar system (other than earth) for human habitation Jupiter Saturn Uranus Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system It is twice as big as all the other planets combined Jupiter is gas planet Jupiter has The Great Red Spot which observers have been watching for more than 300 years It has a massive magnetic field that is stronger than Earth’s The colors correlate with the cloud's altitude: o blue lowest, followed by browns and whites, with reds highest Second largest planet in the solar system Saturn is the root of the English word Saturday Saturn has two prominent rings - A and B and, one faint ring (C) which can be seen from Earth Saturn has 53 named satellites If Saturn’s rings were compressed into one it would be no more than 100 km in width Saturn's outermost ring (F), is a complex structure made up of several smaller rings along which "knots" are visible Uranus is the third largest planet in diameter with Neptune having a greater mass It is the first planet discovered in modern times Uranus is a gas planet Uranus is primarily made up of rock and ice It has 27 named moons Uranus has 13 known rings that are very faint Neptune (Nine Planets, 1994-2013) Neptune is the fourth largest planet (in diameter) It has been visited by only one spacecraft The blue colour of Neptune is a result of the absorption of red light by methane Neptune has 13 known moons, 7 smaller ones have been named Neptune can be seen with binoculars It has rings and one appears to be twisted