Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Athens Charter wikipedia , lookup
Green building on college campuses wikipedia , lookup
Technical aspects of urban planning wikipedia , lookup
Battery Park City wikipedia , lookup
Green building wikipedia , lookup
Urban resilience wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable urban neighbourhood wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable city wikipedia , lookup
4.2 Eircom Gardens The area defined by the wall of IMMA, St John’s Road and the significant view line from the north range of IMMA to Gandon’s Royal Infirmary building should be landscaped to create ‘Eircom Gardens’. The gardens of IMMA are made up of 2 principal elements: 1. a formal, raised garden to the north of the building set within 2. a wider ‘natural’ landscape, which originally extended to the Phoenix Park to the north and the Guinness UDV lands to the east. It is considered essential that the sense of a wider landscape is preserved. Eircom Gardens should provide appropriate planting to the east of the formal gardens. The axes in the formal garden are abstractions of routes through the land beyond the confines of the walled garden. The axes are relevant only to the Royal Hospital Kilmainham complex. To continue or use these axes beyond the walls would weaken the abstract nature of the original garden design. Character: • Eircom Gardens should be a planted area providing recreation space for the development in the Eircom lands and creating an appropriate edge condition to the formal gardens. • Planting height and species should provide an appropriate relationship to the IMMA wall and other planting around the perimeter of the formal garden. • The garden should have a woodland character. Associated development: • High-density 5 – 6 storey commercial and residential development should follow the line of the protected view. • Development should address and be accessed off the newplanted area – Eircom Gardens, with minimal vehicular access. • Buildings should present high quality elevations to the Eircom Gardens and be seen as addressing the wider arena of the river valley and city edge – forming a grouping with Gandon’s Royal Infirmary building (Department of Defence Headquarters) and the buildings proposed on the West Terrace. • No new building should create a direct relationship with the formal garden as this will throw off balance the relationships within the Royal Hospital Kilmainham and associated parkland. 4.3 OPW Park Curtilage should be defined for the National Monuments on the OPW site. The area is identified in this document as ‘OPW Park’. The position at the centre of the Eircom/OPW development provides a contrast to the high-density development proposed in this area. The park is between the new IMMA Avenue and Military Road. The park should therefore provide numerous pedestrian and cycle links from the Phoenix Park / Kilmainham link and St. John’s Road west site. Character • Soft landscaped area with small-scale pavilion-like buildings. • Secure, bright and extensive landscape. • Provision should be made for children – a playground area for local community. Associated development • Small scale pavilion-like buildings with institutional and mixed uses. • The buildings must compliment the scale of the existing National Monuments and be part of a coherent plan for the curtilage of same. • The buildings should contrast with the National Monuments with high quality contemporary design. • The National Monuments should be fully restored and given appropriate new uses. buildings in parkland / landscape St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin Parque Poblenou, Barcelona [Ruisanchez and Vendrell] Parque de Santo Domingo de Bonaval [Alvaro Siza Vieira + Isabel Aguirre] a. b. St Johns Road Sites substudy document a. b. c. d. c. d. public spaces and associated development urban projects 5.0 Building Heights and Views The building line onto Eircom Gardens should be dictated by the significant view from the Royal Hospital Kilmainham to the Department of Defence Headquarters.The lines of the significant view are taken from the west corner of the north range of the Royal Hospital Kilmainham and east corner of the Deputy Master’s House to the western side of the Magazine Fort and east edge of the main elevation of the Department of Defence Headquarters respectively. Building height on the site west of Military Road should be kept to 5 storeys commercial or 6 storeys residential within the site and 6 storeys commercial onto St John’s Road. Residential blocks onto Military Road should follow the curve of the pedestrian / cycle link and rise to 6 storeys. Development within the curtilage of the National Monuments in OPW Park should generally be of 2 or 3 storeys and of a scale comparable to the National Monuments. The development of residential towers along the IMMA Avenue and Cammock should be of seven storeys. Development on the site between the OPW Park and Dr Steeven’s Hospital Park should be high density commercial with a tall building over part of the site as indicated. The guidance height of 15 storeys is indicative only. Possible uses for this building should be hotel or residential. The tall structure is one of 3 proposed tall buildings around Heuston Station. The building will locate the OPW site and station from the wider city. The prominence of this building necessitates the highest architectural standards and materials. Height and slenderness is subject to a visual impact assessment. The building should have a high level of transparency. visual connections high buildings St Johns Road Sites substudy document building heights and views urban projects 5.0 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. j. k. Building Heights and Views view of Royal Hospital from Phoenix Park view of Royal Hospital rail bridge from Conyngham Road view of full north range of Royal Hospital from Conyngham Road Royal Hospital north facade view of Phoenix Park from Royal Hospital to west view of Phoenix Park from Royal Hospital to north-west view of Phoenix Park from Royal Hospital to north view of Phoenix Park from Royal Hospital to north-east view of Dublin from location adjacent to Magazine Fort Malton’s view of Dublin from Magazine Fort, 1791 St Johns Road Sites substudy document a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. j. k. building heights and views urban projects 6.0 Connections The St John’s Road sites are an integral part of the following connections though the Heuston Gateway: 1. Pedestrian / cycle route: Phoenix Park to IMMA The Phoenix Park and Royal Hospital Kilmainham Gardens have been separated since the construction of Heuston Station in the mid 1800s and suffer from poor linkage to the city or public transport nodes. A new route is proposed linking the parks. The route should cross St John’s Road and follow the existing curve of Military road. The height difference should be accommodated within the Eircom/OPW building development. The route should continue to the junction with the entrance to IMMA and Irwin Street/ Bowbridge. pedestrian cycle route: Phoenix Park to IMMA 2. Pedestrian / cycle route: Dr Steevens Hospital Park to IMMA A new pedestrian dominant link, IMMA Avenue, is proposed between Dr.Steevens Hospital Park and IMMA, parallel with the Cammock river. The avenue is part of the route between the National Museum and IMMA. The IMMA avenue provides access through the OPW lands to the east of Military Road, increasing permeability for pedestrians. Please refer to section 4.1. pedestrian cycle route: Dr Steevens Hospital Park to IMMA St Johns Road Sites substudy document connections urban projects 7.0 Sustainability Strategy The Development Framework Plan for the St Johns Road Sites should incorporate a sustainability strategy for appropriate development. All development should follow the basic guidelines and recommendations for sustainable urban design as described in this section. The sustainability strategy is in line with the National Sustainable Development Strategy of the Government of Ireland, The Strategic Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area (2000), DTO: A Platform for Change and the Dublin City Development Plan 1999. The aims of the sustainability strategy for the St Johns Road Sites should be: • to create an appropriate balance between dense urban development and preservation or creation of green amenity areas • to encourage development of high density mixed use areas for living and working • to integrate large underused stakeholders’ sites into the urban grain of Dublin • to reduce car dependency and provide efficient public transport • to protect water quality and air quality • to control noise pollution • to manage waste and recycling • to preserve natural landscapes and ecosystems • to protect architecturally or historically significant structures The sustainability strategy is described in the areas of 1. Density and Mixed Use 2. Transport 3. Environmental Quality 4. Conservation 7.1 elderly and families. Mixed use areas should allow synergies to be developed between non residential uses. High density housing should be encouraged. Housing design should address issues of: • accessibility • adaptability • lifetime use • energy use • natural ventilation • water conservation • communal facilities • waste management Housing designs should be assessed using BREEAM assessment method of EcoHomes and materials specified using the BRE’s Green Guide to Housing Specification. Social and affordable housing should be integrated into the development to encourage social heterogeneity. Private developers, local authorities, informed design teams and approved housing bodies should be encouraged to work together to provide appropriate standards in design, construction and provision. The complete environment of the housing should be fully designed and implemented. The developers should be encouraged to use new systems and techniques to allow greater output, higher standards and reduce site time. density and mixed use The Development Framework Plan aims to reduce urban sprawl by: • remodelling of public spaces and amenity • development of vacant infill sites • regeneration of industrial sites • increased density social and affordable housing, Dublin [Urban Projects]; housing for elderly, Amsterdam [KCAP]; terraced housing, Rotterdam; housing, Helsinki [Arrak Architects] This is in line with section 14.1.1 of the Dublin City Development Plan 1999, Managing Intensification and Change: A Strategy for Dublin Building Height, and the DOE Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Residential Density, 1999. The Development Framework Plan promotes mixed use development with close proximity of housing, jobs, services and amenities. Development should create an attractive and vibrant environment that appeals to a wide range of people including the housing, Dornbirn, Austria [Herman Kaufmann]; terraced housing and apartments, Rotterdam [KCAP] St Johns Road Sites substudy document sustainability strategy urban projects 7.2 transport The Development Framework Plan aims to reduce dependency on the car and promote use of public transport, cycling and walking. The high density, mixed use developments proposed around the station will reduce distances travelled between home, workplace and services. Cars currently dominate the area creating a compromised environment due to: • air and noise pollution • tiredness and stress • danger of accidents • visual disamenity In line with the Dublin City Development Plan 1999 a series of nodal spaces across the area are proposed linked by a network of pedestrian priority routes. It is intended that these will improve accessibility for visitors and will expand the sphere of tourism activity out beyond traditional areas of interest. The Development Framework Plan aims to integrate the St Johns Road Sites into the tourist and recreational mapping of the city. car park, Heilbronn, Germany [Mahler Gunster Fuchs] cycle lane, Copenhagen pedestrian, Dublin Transport and parking policies should be designed to promote public transport use. Park and ride schemes at out of town locations should reduce the numbers of cars being brought into the city. Initiatives such as car-sharing should be investigated. New and improved public transport services should be introduced as necessary with well designed timetables and tariff structures, and increased safety and security. New services to stops within the St Johns Road sites would help integrate and revitalise these areas. The new streets should be designed to give less space to the car and increased space for pedestrians, cyclists and public transport. Areas for different modes of transport should be clearly defined using materials and sectional changes. Cycling is a sustainable form of urban transport due to: • quality of life and health issues • independence, speed and versatility • physical size of transport mode • ability to integrate into all environments without dominating or causing an adverse impact Adequate provision of cycle tracks and parking should be provided. Initiatives such as bicycle loan schemes should be investigated. An appropriate balance between pedestrian and vehicular traffic should be created. Communal space in residential and commercial areas should be detailed to create pedestrian dominant areas with controlled access for cars. St Johns Road Sites substudy document sustainability strategy urban projects 7.3 environmental quality The strategy for maintaining a high quality and sustainable environment in the Heuston Gateway generally is described in terms of energy management, water management and green spaces. 7.3.1 energy management The developments in the Heuston Gateway should aim to reduce energy consumption by: • high density development • site design orientation to ensure optimum passive solar gain • use of a rational energy supply and efficient use • high levels of insulation and thermal capacity in building fabric Proposals for sites such as the St Johns Road Sites should apply for grants and award schemes such as the House of Tomorrow Research, Development and Demonstration Programme (RD&D). This programme is administered by the Irish Energy Centre under the Economic and Social Infrastructure Operational Programme of the National Development Plan. Proposals of a significant scale are encouraged. Model projects for new build, refurbishment or retrofit of housing, demonstrating superior energy design and technology implementation in homes or groups of homes under real operating conditions with the potential for market influence and replication are suitable for consideration in this scheme. 7.3.2 water management Groundwater and surface water should be protected and waste water minimized. Diverting surface water to reservoirs within green spaces can have the following positive effects: • improvement in air quality by helping evaporation and therefore increasing air humidity • improvement in microclimate • aiding slow soaking and restoration of natural water table • improvement in social and visual amenity Flooding risk should be minimized by retaining permeable ground areas and improving surface drainage. It is essential to avoid loss of soil permeability by: • maximising areas of green roofs • use of permeable surfaces in car parks • promotion of grassed areas in courtyards Rainwater collection can be an economical solution to applications such as toilet flushing, washing machines, cleaning and production processes. Rainwater recovery systems should be used in all developments. St Johns Road Sites substudy document The Potsdamer Platz development in central Berlin has 17000 sq.m of planted roof and cisterns collecting water used for toilet flushing, plant irrigation and external pools. Water is treated by bio-chemical purification. External pools can add character and improve the microclimate in urban developments. This is particularly applicable to the St Johns Road Sites. The natural river banks along the Liffey and Cammock through the site should be preserved or restructured as necessary. 7.3.3 smart facades: offices, Athens [Meletitiki/A.N. Tombazis and Associates Architects Ltd] green spaces The Development Framework Plan for the Heuston Gateway promotes: • preservation of open spaces • protection of plant life • biodiversity • regeneration of river banks The Development Framework Plan for the St John’s Road Sites contains numerous park areas. The provision of green spaces is considered essential for the following reasons: • to increase air water content • absorption of CO2 and release of O2 • absorption of dust • regulation and regeneration of natural water balance • natural filtration of water • absorption of sound • positive physical and psychological effects • provision of social and leisure space • economic opportunities • preservation of natural environment, wildlife and plant conservation Meadow areas in gardens and parks should be promoted to encourage a wide variety of wild flowers, grasses and wildlife. Courtyards and open spaces should be green and used for energy and water conservation, waste management and amenity. rainwater recovery system: Potsdamer Platz, Berlin [masterplan, Renzo Piano] sustainability strategy urban projects 7.4 conservation The site is home to two National Monuments (pre-1700s). The Development Framework Plan recommends the retention of these structures. The future of the buildings is to be the subject of a separate report. Other protected structures in and around the site should also be retained. The curtilage of the National Monuments should be defined and developed as ‘OPW Park’. National Monuments, OPW site details: works to historic buildings in Portugal [Souto de Moura] St Johns Road Sites substudy document sustainability strategy urban projects