Download 8th Grade Health

8th Grade Health
Unit Test 1 - Human Anatomy Review Sheet
Name: ____________
Test Date:__________
1. Skeleton: The Body’s Framework
a. Muscles – Allows movement
b. Organs – group of cells and tissues working together to perform a job
c. How many bones make up the human body? 206
d. What is the largest bone in the body? Femur
2. Skull – A box for the brain
a. Cranium – Round part of the skull that surrounds the brain
b. What is the purpose of the skull? Protect the brain
c. What are the large soft spots called on an infant’s skull? Fontanels
3. Spine
a. How many vertebrae are there? 33
b. __7___ Cervical
___12__ Thoracic
___5__ Lumber
___5__ Fused Sacral
___4__ Coccyx
c. What are the functions of the
Atlas – Supports the head
Axis – Allows you to nod and shake your head
d. What does the spine protect? Spinal Cord
4. Inside Bones
a. What are bones made of? Minerals and Collagen
b. Minerals – Makes bones hard
c. Collagen – Makes bones slightly elastic
d. Bone Marrow – Create new blood for the rest of the body
e. What is osteoporosis? Bones become brittle and more likely to break due
to loss of calcium
f. Ligaments – Connects bone to bone
5. Muscles
a. Joints – A place where two bones meet, or where bone and cartilage meet
b. Tendons – Muscles connect to bones
c. Cardiac – Involuntary muscle found only in the heart
d. Smooth – Involuntary muscle found in the digestive system, blood vessels,
bladder, and airways.
e. Skeletal – Striated muscle that attaches to the skeleton.
6. Nervous System – A network of nerve impulses that transmit nerve impulses
between parts of the body
a. Cerebrum – Largest part of the brain where thinking takes place
b. Hypothalamus – Regulates body temperature, heart rate, hunger, and
thirst, and with the pituitary gland, regulates growth and sexual
development
c. Brainstem – Regulates basic life functions such as heart beat, breathing,
swallowing, and waste elimination
d. Cerebellum – Governs balance, muscle movement, and posture
e. Pituitary Gland – Regulates growth
f. Frontal Lobe – Conscious thought; involved in planning, organizing,
problem solving. Personality.
g. Occipital Lobe – Processes visual information. Responsible for sense of
sight
h. Parietal Lobe – Spatial awareness. Responsible for sense of touch or
manipulation of objects.
i. Temporal Lobe - Sense of smell, sound, and visual memory
7. Heart/Pumping Blood
a. Circulatory System – Network of vessels that carries blood up and down
the body
b. Veins carry blood __towards______ the heart
Arteries carry blood ___away____ from the heart
c. Aorta – Largest artery that carries blood to the body from the heart
d. Three main parts of the circulatory system –
 Heart
 Blood
 Blood Vessels
e. Red blood cells – Carries oxygen from lungs to cells
f. White blood cells – Helps fight infection
g. Platelets – Creates blood clots and stops bleeding
8. Lungs – Sponge-like respiratory organs
a. Respiratory System – Bodies breathing system
b. Diaphragm – Muscle that moves up and down to help lungs pull air into
and push air out of the body
c. Alveoli – Tiny air sacs within the lungs
d. Larynx – The part of the respiratory system that helps us speak known as
the voice box
e. Bronchi – The two branches of the windpipe that pull air in and out of the
lungs
9. Kidneys – Two organs that filter wastes from the blood
a. Ureter – Transports wastes (water, slats, urea) from kidney (renal pelvis)
to bladder
b. Urethra – Opening where urine leaves the body
c. Urea – Liquid waste found in bloodstream
d. How much of urine is made up of water? 95% (2.5% urea; 2.5% other)
10. Liver – Largest organ inside the body, which produces bile and filters toxins out
of nutrient rich blood
11. Small Intestine – Major site of digestion and absorbs nutrients from food
12. Large Intestine (colon) – Receives waste from small intestine absorbs water and
solidifies stool
13. Pancreas – Releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine to help digest
carbohydrates, protein, and fat
14. Gallbladder – Stores bile
15. Esophagus – Transports food from mouth into stomach
16. Stomach – Acts as a reservoir for the food we eat and secretes acid and enzymes
to liquefy food
17. Pathway of digestion – mouth – esophagus – stomach – small intestine – liver large intestine – rectum - anus