Download Intro to Rocks

Today’s Goal: Understand how minerals
relate to rocks.
Warm-up: Rock Terms—Use Textbook, Chapter 2
Homework: DR 2.1, pp 28-35 due tomorrow
Three Things Today:
The Rock Cycle Webquest
Complete Rock Terms
Complete DR 2.1
Wrap-up: What do rocks and minerals have in common?
Today’s Goal: Understand how minerals
relate to rocks.
Warm-up: Rock Terms Vocabulary (from yesterday), take out
DR 2.1 out for homework check
Homework: Rock Vocabulary Quiz next Thursday
Three Things Today:
Review Vocabulary
Rock Cycle Around the Room
Rock Cycle PP with Webquest
Wrap-up: What are 2 ways rocks can change?
quartz
hornblende
GRANITE
plagioclase
feldspar
biotite mica
Minerals make up rocks.
Chapter 2, Section 1:
The Rock Cycle
Pages 28 to 35
1. Define rock. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the continual process by which new rocks forms from old rock called? ____________________________
3. How have human used rocks throughout history? ___________________________________________________
PROCESSSES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH
4. Define weathering. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. One reason that weathering is so important is because it breaks rock down into fragments or,
______________________________, from which sedimentary rocks are made.
6. Define erosion. _______________________________________________________________________________
7. Define deposition. ____________________________________________________________________________
8. Sedimentary rock can be made when sediment is presses and cemented together by ______________________
dissolved in water.
9. How can buried sediment turn into sedimentary rock? _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
10. What two different scenarios can occur if the temperature and pressure surrounding sediment are high enough?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Define uplift. ________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 2, Section 1:
The Rock Cycle
Pages 28 to 35
Naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter
1. Define rock. _________________________________________________________________________________
The rock cycle
2. What is the continual process by which new rocks forms from old rock called? ____________________________
Tools, weapons, building materials
3. How have human used rocks throughout history? ___________________________________________________
PROCESSSES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH
process by which water, wind, ice and heat break down rock
4. Define weathering. The
___________________________________________________________________________
5. One reason that weathering is so important is because it breaks rock down into fragments or,
sediment
______________________________,
from which sedimentary rocks are made.
The process by which sediment is removed from its source
6. Define erosion. _______________________________________________________________________________
The process in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped and comes to rest
7. Define deposition. ____________________________________________________________________________
minerals
8. Sedimentary rock can be made when sediment is presses and cemented together by ______________________
dissolved in water.
It is squeezed together by the weight of the
9. How can buried sediment turn into sedimentary rock? _______________________________________________
overlying layers of sediment (Sediment on top of the buried sediment)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
10. What two different scenarios can occur if the temperature and pressure surrounding sediment are high enough?
The rock change either change into metamorphic rock or it can melt into magma that eventually
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
cools into igneous rock
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
movement within the Earth that causes rocks inside the Earth to be moved to the
Define uplift. The
________________________________________________________________________________
Earth’s surface.
ILLUSTRATING THE ROCK CYCLE
Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided.
1. Magma in the Earth’s crust that has risen to the surface and cools and solidifies
a. magma
2. Rock that is forced downward and is exposed to heat and pressure
b. sediment
3. Rocks that are partially or completely melted
c. igneous rock
4. Igneous rock at the Earth’s surface that is weathered and wears away
d. sedimentary rock
5. Sediment that washes down into rivers and oceans and is pressed and cemented together e. metamorphic rock
ROUND AND ROUND IT GOES
6. Use the space below to recreate figure 3 on page 32.
ILLUSTRATING THE ROCK CYCLE
Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided.
C 1. Magma in the Earth’s crust that has risen to the surface and cools and solidifies
a. magma
E 2. Rock that is forced downward and is exposed to heat and pressure
A 3. Rocks that are partially or completely melted
b. sediment
B 4. Igneous rock at the Earth’s surface that is weathered and wears away
d. sedimentary rock
c. igneous rock
D 5. Sediment that washes down into rivers and oceans and is pressed and cemented together e. metamorphic rock
ROUND AND ROUND IT GOES
6. Use the space below to recreate figure 3 on page 32.
1. What forces affect rock deep beneath the earth’s surface? ___________________ and _____________________
2. A rock at the earth’s surface is primarily affected by forces of __________________ and ___________________
ROCK CLASSIFICATION
3. Beyond the three basic types of rock, rocks can be based into subcategories based on what two other
characteristics. _____________________________ and _______________________________.
4. What determines the composition of a rock? ______________________________________________________.
5. A rock that consists mostly of the mineral quartz will have a composition very similar to ___________________.
6. What characteristics is a rock’s texture based on?
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
7. What factors can affect the texture of a sedimentary rock?
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
8. What factors can affect the texture of an igneous rock?
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
9. What factors can affect the texture of a metamorphic rock?
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
heat
pressure
1. What forces affect rock deep beneath the earth’s surface? ___________________
and _____________________
2. A rock at the earth’s surface is primarily affected by forces of __________________
and ___________________
weathering
erosion
ROCK CLASSIFICATION
3. Beyond the three basic types of rock, rocks can be based into subcategories based on what two other
composition
texture
characteristics. _____________________________
and _______________________________.
The minerals contained in the rock
4. What determines the composition of a rock? ______________________________________________________.
quartz
5. A rock that consists mostly of the mineral quartz will have a composition very similar to ___________________.
6. What characteristics is a rock’s texture based on?
The
size, shape and positon of the grains that make up the rock.
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
7. What factors can affect the texture of a sedimentary rock?
The size of the grains
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
8. What factors can affect the texture of an igneous rock?
How much time the magma has to cool
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
9. What factors can affect the texture of a metamorphic rock?
Degree
of temperature and amount of pressure
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
Rock
Rock Cycle
Erosion
Deposition
Composition
Texture
Intrusive igneous rock
Extrusive igneous rock
Felsic
Mafic
Rock
naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic
material
Rock Cycle
The continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material
Erosion
The process by which sediment is removed from its source
Deposition
The process in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped and comes to rest
Composition
The minerals a rock contains
Texture
The size, shape and positons of the grains that make up the rock
Intrusive igneous rock
When magma intrudes into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface and
cools
Extrusive igneous rock
When magma erupts or extrudes onto the Earth’s surface, cooling quickly and
containing small crystals or no crystals
Felsic
Light colored rocks that are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium,
silicon and sodium
Mafic
Dark colored rocks that are rich in calcium, iron and magnesium—are poor in
silicon
Magma
Lava
Sediment
Clastic sedimentary rock
Organic sedimentary rock
Chemical sedimentary rock
Strata
Stratification
Foliated
Nonfoliated
Magma
hot, liquid rock
Lava
Hot, liquid rock that comes to the Earth’s surface
Sediment
Rock and mineral fragments due to weathering
Clastic sedimentary rock
Made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or
quartz
Organic sedimentary rock
Include fragments of fossils, shells or other organic remains
Chemical sedimentary rock
Forms from the solutions of dissolved minerals and water
Strata
Layers of sedimentary rock
Stratification
The process by which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
Foliated
The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in
planes or bands
Nonfoliated
The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in
planes or bands
Add to the bottom of your
vocabulary sheet
Metamorphic • Rocks in which the
structure, texture or
Rock
composition of the rock has
changed
Rock Cycle Around the Room
Directions: You will travel through the rock cycle and record your journey. At each station is a die. Roll the die to determine if and where you will move to
next, record where it is sending you. Travel to that stations and roll the die again. Continue until you have filled in the chart below. It is possible to roll to stay
in the same place. Please only remain in the same spot for 3 consecutive turns. After that, choose the other option and continue your journey.
Stations Visited
11
1
2
12
3
13
4
14
5
15
6
16
7
17
8
18
9
19
10
20
Compaction and
Cementation
High Pressure and
Temperature
Sediments
Igneous Rock
To the Surface
Sedimentary Rock
Melting
Cooling and
Hardening
(crystallization)
Magma
Weathering and
Erosion
Metamorphic Rock
1
Stations Visited
11
2
12
3
13
4
14
5
15
6
16
7
17
8
18
9
19
10
20
Cross out the stations you visited during your travels and circle the stations you didn’t visit during your travels.
You travelled through parts of the rock cycle in seconds and spent a minute at some stages. Why is this completely unrealistic?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Look at the list of stations you didn’t visit during your travels. Do you think it is possible that rocks out there have missed that
many “stations” in the real rock cycle? Why/Why not?
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Today’s Goal: What are the two physical
properties used to identify rocks.
Warm-up: Rock Cycle Gizmo
Homework: Have a nice weekend!(Rock Cycle Quiz Thursday)
Three Things Today:
Friday Trivia
Rock Cycle PP
DR 2.2 pp36-39
Wrap-up: What are the 2 physical properties used to identify rocks?
What are the three main rock types?
From your webquest
What are these three groups based on?
The processes of
the rock cycle can
generally be
placed into one
of two categories:
(1)
Destructive 
Breaking things
apart
(2)
Constructive 
Building things
back up
What happens to cookie dough when
you put it in the oven? The heat of the
oven produces changes in the
ingredients that make them interact
and combine. Without melting the
dough, the heat changes it into a whole
new product — a cookie
Heat & Pressure
What kind of rock?
Metamorphic Rock
What happens to a chocolate bar when
it gets very hot?
What would you do to turn a melted
chocolate bar back into a solid?
Melting and Cooling
What kind of rock?
Igneous Rock
What do dandelions rely on
to separate their seeds,
carry them, and deposit
them elsewhere? The wind.
Weathering & Erosion
What kind of rock?
What happens to a loose
pile of garbage when it's put
into a compactor? The
squeezing of the machine
produces a solid cube of
compacted garbage.
Compacting & Cementing
What kind of rock?
Sedimentary Rock
Compaction and Cementation
High Pressure and Temperature
Melting
Weathering and Erosion
Cooling and Hardening
Igneous Rock
Hardening
and cooling
Melting
High Temperature
Magma
and pressure
Weathering
and erosion
Melting
Weathering
and erosion
Sediments
Weathering
Compaction and erosion
and
cementation
Melting
Metamorphic
Rock
High Temperature
and pressure
High Temperature
and pressure
Sedimentary
Rock
?
Surface
Take out your webquest and add
Cooled,
solidified
magma
1) Definition:
1)
2) What steps
need to occur to
form this type of 2)
rock?
3) Examples:
Parent rock
melts
Magma cools
into new rock
Granite, obsidian,
basalt, pumice
Rock that’s been
partially melted or
changed
Hardened
sediment
1)
2)
3)
Parent rock
weathers
Sediment piles up
in layers
Layers get
compacted and
cemented
together
Sandstone, shale,
conglomerate
1)
2)
3)
Heat and
pressure
Chemical
reactions
Parent rock
starts to
re-crystallize
Slate, gneiss, schist
Which of the following best explains the
difference between a mineral and a rock?
A.
A mineral is made of only a single element; a rock is
composed of multiple elements chemically bonded together
into a solid compound.
B.
A mineral’s atoms are arranged in a geometrical structure; in a
rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric
pattern.
C.
In a mineral the atoms are bonded in a regular, internal
structure; a rock is a consolidated mixture of different
minerals.
D.
A rock has an orderly, geometrical arrangement of minerals;
a mineral is a consolidated mixture of various rocks.
Classifying Rocks
First, try to divide them up into the
three rock groups:
How can you tell which is which?
Classifying Rocks
• Composition  the chemical
make-up of a rock; describing
what minerals and other
materials are in a rock
Composition
determines the
properties
composition
• Granite and Rhyolite have the same ____________.
texture
• They must have a different ________.
Granite
Rhyolite
Classifying Rocks
• Texture  describes the size,
shape, and position of the rock’s
crystals or grains
• Coarse  large grains, easily visible
• Fine  small grains, barely visible if at all
• Intermediate  somewhere in between
What kind of rocks are these?
Granite
Basalt
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
What type of texture do these rocks have?
Granite
Basalt
Coarse grained
Fine grained
Now, divide them up based
on their composition:
Your Turn
• DR 2.2 pp 36-39, 4-5 in your packet