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Exam 1 Review
Chapter 1:-what is science of biology
Who discovered the structure and role of DNA?
What is a cell theory and who proposed it
What is taxonomy, know the correct sequence of classification domain,
kingdom……………….specices
Seven major properties of living organisms and definitions figure # 1
DNA structure, building blocks of DNA
What is reductionism,
Know the definitions and correct sequence of levels of organization atoms……to population
Three domains and five kingdoms and examples
Difference between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Know and understand why evolution is biology's core theme.
Know and understand the concept of natural selection and how it operates in the living world.
How does Organic evolution explain the inter-relationship between diverse forms of life.
Charles Darwin and his work. What do mean by Natural Selection? Give an example.
The hierarchy of life. Atom -> > > > > > > > > > > Biosphere. What do you mean by
reductionism?
What is an “Evolutionary Tree’? What does it explain?
Structure/function relationships. Give an example to show structures evolve based on the
function it has to perform.
What is the structural and functional unit of life? Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.. Examples.
What is an ecosystem? Why is it important to be cautious about environmental pollutants?
What are DNA and RNA? What do they do within a cell?
What do you mean by feedback mechanisms within living organisms? Give an example each for
positive feedback, and negative feedback. What is homeostasis?
Science and scientific methods. Distinguish between inductive reasoning and deductive
reasoning. Give examples. How will you distinguish between scientific hypothesis and theory?
Chapter 2:-What is an element ? Give an example
What is a compound? Give an example
Which 4 elements make up 96% of living organism
What are trace elements? Know the deficiency of Nitrogen, Iodine and Iron
What is atomic number and atomic mass?
What are isotopes? What is Potential energy and kinetic energy.
Know the total number of electrons in outer most shells and valence, electron configuration of
elements C , H, O, N, Ne, Na, Mg, Cl,
How many electrons can hold in S and P orbital
How will you distinguish elements from compounds? Give examples for each.
Which 4 elements make 96% of our body? What are ‘trace elements’?
Define ‘atom’. What are the sub-atomic particles? Define atomic number, mass number, and
isotopes. What are radioisotopes?
What is ‘potential energy’? What are electron shells? What are valence electrons? Valence
Shell? Explain ionic bond, covalent bond and weak chemical bonds.
Distinguish between electrovalent compound and covalent compound. Explain giving examples
(draw NaCl and H2O). Distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent compounds.
Distinguish between anions and cations. Explain (and give an example each) Hydrogen bond
and Van der Waals interactions.
What are chemical reactions? Explain reactants, product and ‘chemical equilibrium
What is chemical bond. Know about Polar and Non polar bond
Ionic bond and Hydrogen bond.
Differences between covalent bond and ionic bond`
Chapter 3 :What are the bonds between the water molecules and with in the molecule.
Know everything about four properties of water
What is cohesion ,adhesion and surface tension
What is heat of vaporative cooling
What is hydrophobic and hydrophilic
What is an acid base and buffer?
Ph scale know the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution..
Explain how the properties of water helped life on our planet. List the properties and give an
example how that property helped
Explain the terms cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, kinetic energy, calorie, kilocalorie,
evaporative cooling (how?). anomalous expansion of water, solution, suspension and colloid,
hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Mole and molarity. How will you make one mole solution of glucose? How many grams of
glucose will need to add to one liter water
What is pH? How will you define and acid/ a base? When pH changes from pH7 to pH4, does it
become more acidic or basic? How many times?
What are buffers? How will you explain acid precipitation
Chapter 4:-What is an organic chemistry?
What are hydrocarbons, why they are not soluble in water ?
What is organic chemistry? How was the term ‘organic’ originally coined? How was the theory
of ‘vitalism’ crumbled? What properties of carbon helped the formations of many diverse
compounds?
What are hydrocarbons? Draw the structures of some simple hydrocarbons: methane, Ethane,
Propane, and Ethene. Draw the structure of urea, cyclohexane and Benzene.
What are isomers? Distinguish between structural isomers, geometric isomers and Enantiomers
(draw an example of each).
List 7 chemical groups that determine the functions of common organic compounds. Draw their
chemical structure and name a compound in which it is present.
What is an isomer? Know three types of Isomers
Structural , Cis and trans. and Enantiomers and identify them.
Know about the formulas and properties of seven functional groups
Which one is an energy transferring molecule in our body cells
In addition, you are responsible for all specialized biological vocabulary not mentioned in this
topic sheet. I may ask specific questions about definitions. I will also use specialized words in
questions and in answers to those questions. I will expect you to know the meaning of any
biological vocabulary word which was used in lecture or laboratory, or in your reading
assignments. This holds for ALL of your exams, not just this one.