Download Aspirin

Aspirin
What is a drug?
A substance that alter normal bodily function. Drugs
are divided into two different groups:
1. Recreational Drugs (ex: alcohol)
chemical substances that affect the central nervous
system, such as opioids or hallucinogens. They may
be used for perceived beneficial effects on
perception, consciousness, personality, and
behavior. Some drugs can cause addiction and/or
habituation
2. Pharmaceutical Drugs (ex: aspirin)
medicine, medication or medicament, can be
loosely defined as any chemical substance intended
for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or
prevention of disease.
In this unit the word ‘drug’ always
refers to pharmaceutical drugs
The drug ASPIRIN is the brand name for the
chemical substance Acetyl Salicylic Acid ASA
Acetyl Salicylic Acid
• Identify the functional groups
Medical History
Salicylates: chemical
found in willow plants
(salix alba)
• Willow extracts have been
used in all cultures through
the ages for treatment of
fever and pain
Acetyl Salicylic Acid
Medical Effects of ASA’s
• Analgesic – anti pain
• Antipyretic – anti fever
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-platelet – reduces blood clotting
Pharmacological Substance Class: NSAIDS –
Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
NSAIDS
• Over-the-counter drug group for the
treatment of acute/chronic mild to
moderate symptoms associated with
colds, injuries, inflammation
• ASPIRIN, IBUPROFEN, MOTRIN, ALEVE,
NAPROXEN, ADVIL
• Opposite to prescription drugs like
Steroids (PREDNISONE) or Opiates:
(VICADINE, OXYCONTIN)
Aspirin History
• 1853 Charles Frédéric Gerhardt publishes the
chemical synthesis of Acetyl Salicylic Acid
• 1897 Scientists at the German chemical company
BAYER conduct clinical investigations on ASA
• 1899 BAYER obtains brand, patent and trademark
rights for ASA under the name ASPIRIN
• 1918 main drug to combat the ‘Spanish Flue’
pandemic–some deaths are attributed to Aspirin
overdosing
• 1919 BAYER lost rights in the WWI reparation in
Versailles
• 1950’s decline of ASPIRIN in the wake of better
NSAIDS: IBUPROFEN
Salicylic Acid: Natural Precursor
• Natural substance (willow tree)
• Analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory
but severe gastrointestinal pain, bleeding
ASPIRIN Synthesis:
Acetylating Salicylic Acid
Salicylic Acid +
•
Acetic Anhydride →
Acetyl Salicylic Acid +
Acetic Acid
(vinegar)
Cyclo-Oxygenase Enzyme GroupCOX1, 2,3….
• Convert Arachidonic acid into
Prostaglandins 1, 2, 3…(hormone like fatty
acids)
Functions
PG1: preserves stomach lining, blood clotting
PG2: initiates immune response: fever,
swelling, white blood cell infiltration
Arachidonic Acid ARA- is an Omega-6
essential fatty acid found in lots of foods
COX
ARA
PG
NSAIDS block COX 1,2
NSAID
NSAID
Headquarters: Leverkusen- Germany
Publicly traded company: ticker symbol BAYZF
Bayer stock
2011: revenue -36 Billion Euros, 106 000 employees,
40 countries worldwide
Product List ‘Highlights’: Heroin, Aspirin, AlkaSeltzer, Zyklon-B, Polyurethane, Prontosil,
Ciproflaxin, Levitra