Download PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO EXERCISE

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
As
soon as you begin to exercise your
muscle cells increase their demands for
oxygen (O2).
As exercise continues there is also an
increased need to remove wastes such
as carbon dioxide(CO2) and lactic acid.
Immediately, your heart will beat
faster and your breathing rate will
increase to try and meet this demand.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Heart
Increase in the
volume of blood
pumped with each
contraction
Muscles need more
oxygen to contract so
more blood needs to
travel to the muscles.
Also more CO2 and
lactic acid need to be
removed
rate
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Stroke
Increase in the
amount of blood
pumped from the
heart per beat
Muscles need more
oxygen to contract so
more blood needs to
travel to the muscles.
Also more CO2 and
lactic acid need to be
removed
volume
(the amount of
blood pumped by
heart per beat)
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Cardiac
Increase in the
amount of blood
pumped from the
heart each minute
Muscles need more
oxygen to contract so
more blood needs to
travel to the muscles.
Also more CO2 and
lactic acid need to be
removed
Output
(CO = SV X HR)
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Blood
Increase in the
number of beats per
minute
Muscles need more
oxygen to contract so
more blood needs to
travel to the muscles.
Also more CO2 and
lactic acid need to be
removed
to muscles
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Blood
Increases slightly.
More blood gets to
the muscles
The pressure of blood
in the aorta rises due
to more blood being
pumped with each
heartbeat
(like turning the tap
up)
pressure
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Increase in the
rate
(The no. of breathes number of breathes
you take per minute) taken per minute
Respiration
Explain why it
happens
Muscles need more
oxygen to contract so
more air containing
oxygen is breathed in .
More CO2 needs to be
exhaled.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Oxygen
Increase. More
oxygen is absorbed
into the blood in the
lungs
Muscles need more
oxygen to contract so
more oxygen needs to
get into the blood to
supply the muscles
uptake
(amount of oxygen
muscles can take
up and use in 1
minute)
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Breathe
Rib cage expands
and lungs fill up with
more air
Muscles need more
O2 so more air is
needed in lungs
deeper
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Body
Working muscles
produce heat
Blood transports heat
to all parts of the body
which causes the
body to heat up
Temperature
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Immediate responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Sweat
Skin gets wet
Prevents overheating.
Condensation forms
on the skin cooling the
blood close to the skin
surface. Also H2O
excreted from muscles
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
In the long term the training effect on
your cardio-respiratory system means
that working muscles get a better
oxygen delivery service which, in turn,
means that you have the capacity to
perform better aerobically .
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Blood
Increase in the
amount of blood in
the body
Muscles need more
oxygen for contraction
so more blood means
more oxygen will get
to the muscles
volume
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Size
Increase in the size
of the heart
The heart works
harder to pump blood
so atrophy occurs (it
develops more muscle
fibres)
of the heart
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Heart
The heart gets
stronger
The heart increases
muscle fibres so gets
stronger and so
pumps more blood
with each beat
strength
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Oxygen
More blood and
more red blood
More red blood cells
can carry more
cells are produced
oxygen to the muscles
carrying
capacity of the
blood
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Heart
Decrease in heart
rate at rest
The heart is stronger
and able to pump
more blood per beat,
more red blood cells
carry more O2, O2
uptake is increased so
the heart does not
have to beat so fast to
get required O2 to the
muscles.
rate at rest
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Ability
More oxygen is
absorbed into the
bloodstream through
The lungs take in
more air, more
capillaries develop in
the lungs and so more
O2 and CO2 are
of lungs to
distribute oxygen
the lungs
exchanged
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Number
Increase in number
of blood vessels
More blood vessels
are produced to cope
with demands of more
blood and O2 needed
by the muscles to
contract. As muscles
get bigger more blood
vessels are produced.
vessels
of blood
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Muscle
Increase
(hypertrophy) in
muscle size
More muscle fibres
grow and an increase
in the size of the fibres
size
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Long term responses to exercise
Response
Describe what
happens
Explain why it
happens
Muscle
Increase in muscle
strength
More muscle fibres
grow and an increase
in the size of the fibres
which in turn gives the
muscle more strength
strength
Identify and describe a long term response that occurs from
completing a Running training programme.
Explain how this response could improve you playing the
game
Response identified
Describe what happens
Heart
Decrease in heart rate at
rest
rate at rest
Explain why it happens
The heart is stronger and
able to pump more blood
per beat, more red blood
cells carry more O2, O2
uptake is increased so
the heart does not have
to beat so fast to get
required O2 to the
muscles.
Explain how response
improves you playing the
game
I will be able to keep
running without getting
tired as my heart has
adapted to increased
workloads

Anaerobic threshold

Having a high anaerobic threshold will benefit an endurance
athlete or athlete who uses explosive movements? Explain
why.
LABORATORY

To measure and observe some of the
changes which take place in the body
during exercise