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The Han and Qin Dynasty By Lucas Sloan, Emma Sharpe, Mallory Kennedy, Gage Marshall Social - Qin - Every class has power over the class lower than it - The emperor ruled the whole country and was at the top of the social structure - Advisors were next in social class, they helped the emperor make decisions - Army generals are after the advisors. Generals helped lead the army. - Nobles are next in class, they are people who were born into wealth. - After nobles were the Scholars. Scholars dedicated their whole lives to studying ancient Chinese traditions and beliefs. Social - Han - A three-tiered social system - Aristocrats and bureaucrats were at the top of the hierarchy - Farmers and peasants were second (skilled laborers) - Slaves and servants (unskilled laborers) were the lowest of the hierarchy - The emperor ruled over everyone - First class government workers were immune to arrest, unless the emperor’s permission was granted - Second class was respected and depended on State Building - Qin - Qin Shi Huangdi- political leader that got rid of Zhou leader and eventually became emperor - His system of organization gave him complete control - Under Qin’s rule, powerful armies crushed any resistance - China was organized into large provinces ruled by bureaucrats appointed by the emperor - They conquered many neighboring states and unified China State Building - Han - The emperor was the head of the government - He created laws, headed the armed forces as the commander-in-chief, and served as the chief executive official - Han rulers attained the centralized government but sought to reduce brutality and repression of the Qin Dynasty - Han mostly preserved the Qin’s government; became what is now known as “classical Chinese politics” - One peasant leader defeated all the other aggrieved peasants during a massive and established the Han Dynasty Environment - Qin - The Qin Dynasty was located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean - Difficult to maintain since it was spread over a large area of land - Great Wall was built to keep outsiders from attacking - Strong army allowed them to crush anyone surrounding them Environment - Han - Early Han Dynasty expanded the Chinese territory into Korea, Indochina, and central Asia. - This expansion allowed the Chinese to have contact with the Middle East. - Afterwards the expansion extended into the Gobi Desert, Taklamakan Desert, and Kunlun Mountains Culture - Qin Legalism - The Emperor eliminated this because it disregarded the Feudal system and encouraged harsh punishments, Confucianism - The government standardized weights and measures - Created paper, gunpowder for battles, matches, canons, compasses, umbrellas and much more - New writing style known as calligraphy Culture - Han Confucianism, Western - Taoism Developed by Laozi and influenced by other scholars, Buddhism starts to take over China - Pottery was made, loom was invented - Music Bureau, of the Yuefu, began to gather and record some ceremonial songs and chants as well as ballads of popular people Economic - Qin - Road and canal systems enabled trade in the Qin’s newly conquered territories - Maintained armies of forced laborers, convicts and slaves who worked on public projects like roads, canal systems, bridges, and completed the Great Wall of China - Economy was organized to create and agriculture-based and, militarized society and to enhance power and wealth of its ruler - Qin Shi Huang made the people pay more taxes and work more so he would become wealthier as his people became poor - Took land away from nobles Economic - Han - Economy was defined by population growth, trade, industry growth, and nationalization - At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall took a toll on the economy - Relied heavily on the production output of peasants - Han Dynasty got rid of Qin Dynasty’s suppressing policies by getting rid of the Qin’s taxes on merchants, peasants, and lower the taxes for landowners. - The government banned nobles from purchasing land, so farmers and peasants can plant more.