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Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) Name: 1. Date: Which bedrock would be most likely to contain fossils? A. Precambrian granite B. Cambrian shale C. Pleistocene basalt 3. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables and on the diagram below. The diagram shows the evolutionary development of the horse, as supported by the fossil record. D. Middle-Proterozoic quartzite The earliest geologic epoch in which Mesohippus existed was the 2. Which life-form existed on Earth during the same time period? A. trilobites and mastodons B. ammonoids and Naples trees C. armored sh and owering plants A. Paleocene B. Eocene C. Miocene D. Pilocene D. dinosaurs and early humans 4. page 1 An archeologist found an ancient skeleton estimated to be 10,000 to 25,000 years old. Which radioactive isotope would be most useful for nding the age of the skeleton? A. carbon-14 B. potassium-40 C. uranium-238 D. rubidium-87 5. Fossils would most likely be found in a sample of A. limestone B. C. quartzite D. metaconglomerate 7. granite Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which represents a rock sample containing fossilized Coelophysis footprints. The sample was found in New York State. The siltstone layer containing the dinosaur footprints was turned into rock by A. folding and faulting B. burial and cementation C. weathering and erosion D. deformation and melting 6. The accompanying index fossils are the remains of organisms that lived during which geologic era? A. Precambrain B. Palezoic C. Cenzoic D. Mesozoic page 2 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 8. A geologic cross section is shown below. 9. The geologic cross section below shows sedimentary rock layers A, B, C, and D, which have not been overturned. E is an igneous intrusion. Line XY represents a fault. Which geologic event occurred most recently? A. deposition of sediments for rock layer A B. formation of the fault C. intrusion of the igneous material E D. cementation of sediments for rock layer D The most recently formed rock unit is at location A. A B. B C. C D. D page 3 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 10. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the geologic cross section of bedrock shown below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows bedrock exposed along part of the Genesee River in New York State. The rock has not been overturned. 11. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the geologic cross section below of the Grand Canyon. The numbers 1 through 10 represent Paleozoic sedimentary rock layers. The unconformity between the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and the Precambrian sedimentary rocks represents A. a gap in the geologic time record B. an intrusion of igneous rock C. an abundance of fossils D. a region of metamorphic rock A buried erosional surface indicating a time gap in the rock record is shown between which two groups? A. Clinton and Lockport B. Lockport and Salina C. Salina and Onondaga D. Onondaga and Hamilton page 4 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 12. The three accompanying geologic columns represent the rock layers in outcrops located several miles apart. The rock layers have not been overturned. Two di erent index fossils are shown. 13. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the cross sections below, which show widely separated outcrops at locations X, Y, and Z. The fossils in the rock formations at location X indicate that this area was often covered by Of the rock layers found in these three outcrops, which layer was probably formed most recently? A. B. C. D. 14. page 5 A. tropical rain forests B. glacial ice C. desert sand D. seawater Which rock layer was formed by the compaction and cementation of particles that were all less than 0.0004 centimeter in diameter? A. red sandstone B. green shale C. brown siltstone D. conglomerate Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 15. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows a cross section of Earth's crust. 16. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the geologic cross section. The large cone-shaped mountain on Earth's surface is a volcano. Letters A, B, and C represent certain rocks. Which statement gives an accurate age relationship for the bedrock in the cross section? A. Intrusion A is younger than intrusion C. B. Intrusion C is younger than intrusion B. C. Intrusion B is older than intrusion A. Rock B is most likely which type of igneous rock? A. granite B. peridotite C. pegmatite D. basalt D. Intrusion C is older than layer E. 17. The geologic cross section below shows a complex structure containing a granite intrusion. If the granite intrusion occurred 24 million years ago, what are the most probable ages of the schist and shale, in millions of years? A. schist — 25; shale — 23 B. schist — 25; shale — 26 C. schist — 23; shale — 25 D. schist — 23; shale — 20 page 6 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 18. 19. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? A. rock salt B. C. basalt D. conglomerate 21. rhyolite The graph below represents the percentage of each mineral found in a sample of rock C. Which mineral is most likely represented by the letter X in the graph? A. potassium feldspar B. plagioclase feldspar C. quartz D. biotite Bedrock in the area of Binghamton, New York, consists of A. plutonic igneous rock B. sedimentary rock layers C. faulted and tilted volcanic rock 22. The graph below represents the percentage of each mineral found in a sample of igneous rock. Which mineral is represented by the letter X in the graph? D. folded metamorphic rock 20. A. potassium feldspar B. plagioclase feldspar C. quartz D. biotite In which group do the rocks usually have the mineral quartz as part of their composition? A. granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfels B. shale, scoria, gneiss, metacconglomerate C. conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schist 23. D. breccia, fossil limestone, bituminous coal, siltstone page 7 Which rock is made up of angular fragments of rock held together by a natural cement? A. breccia B. scoria C. granite D. quartzite Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 24. Which relative concentration of elements is found in a ma c rock? A. a high concentration of silicon and a low concentration of iron B. a high concentration of iron and a low concentration of aluminum C. a high concentration of aluminum and a low concentration of iron 26. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the table below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D. D. a high concentration of aluminum and a low concentration of magnesium The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust. These two elements are oxygen and 25. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows the island of Hawaii (approximately 20 N 157 W) and the locations of recent volcanic eruptions and earthquake epicenters. The volcanic eruptions are inferree to be caused by the movement of the lithospheric plate over a hot spot in the mantle below. 27. Rock collected from the side of Kilauea Volcano has the following mineral composition: 5% plagioclase feldspar, 68% pyroxene, 25% olivine, and 2% hornblende. What type of rock is this? A. andesite B. C. rhyolite D. peridotite A. magnesium B. silicon C. iron D. lead Which extrusive igneous rock is composed of approximately 40% quartz, 20% potassium feldspar, 20% plagioclase feldspar, 10% biotite mica, and 10% hornblende? A. rhyolite B. gabbro C. granite D. basalt scoria page 8 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 28. Which characteristic provides the best evidence that obsidian rock formed in an extrusive environment? A. layers of rounded fragments B. distorted bands of large mineral crystals C. noncrystalline glassy texture 30. Which rock is foliated, shows mineral alignment but not banding, and contains medium-sized grains of quartz and pyroxene? A. phyllite B. schist C. gneiss D. quartzite D. mineral cement between grains 29. 31. The table below shows the chemical composition of some common minerals found in rocks of lithosphere. Mineral Hematite Data Table Chemical Composition Fe2 O3 Calcite CaCO2 Quartz KAlSi3 O8 As indicated by its chemical composition, which mineral could have formed when CO2 (carbon dioxide) combined with another substance? A. potassium feldspar B. C. quartz D. calcite Mineral Composition Hardness carbon Depth of Formation shallow 1 Electrical Conductor good graphite diamond carbon very deep 10 poor Some properties of diamond are di erent from those of graphite because diamond SO2 Potassium feldspar The table below lists some information about the minerals graphite and diamond. hematite A. has a di erent arrangement of atoms B. forms larger crystals C. has a di erent composition D. is older in geologic age page 9 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage, diagram of an ophiolite drill-core sample, and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The dot on the map represents the location where the ophiolite drill-core sample was taken. Ophiolites In some places, segments of oceanic crust, sediment, upper mantle, and rock have been heaved up by tectonic movements onto the edges of continents, where they often become part of mountains. These displaced oceanic lithosphere segments are called ophiolites. They provide an opportunity to study the composition of oceanic lithosphere and are a key feature in recognizing past tectonic plate convergence along subduction zones. Drill-core samples of ophiolites typically have the layering pattern shown in the drill-core sample below. page 10 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 32. Describe how the mineral composition of dunite is di erent from the mineral composition of peridotite. 35. The crystals of many metamorphic rocks are aligned in bands as a result of A. earthquake faulting B. cooling and soidi cation C. mechanical weathering D. heat and pressure 33. 34. Which rock forms by the recrystallization of unmelted rock material under conditions of high temperature and pressure? A. granite B. gneiss C. rock gypsum D. bituminous coal 36. Which process is necessary for the formation of igneous rocks? A. erosion B. deposition C. solidi cation D. metamorphism Which statement best describes the formation of an intrusive igneous rock? A. Magma solidi es slowly, resulting in a coarse-grained texture. B. Magma solidi es slowly, resulting in a ne-grained texture. C. Magma solidi es rapidly, resulting in a glassy texture. 37. D. Magma solidi es rapidly, resulting in a clastic texture. Which sequence of change in rock type occurs as shale is subjected to increasing heat and pressure? A. shale ! schist ! phyllite ! slate ! gneiss B. shale ! slate ! phyllite ! schist ! gneiss C. shale ! gneiss ! phyllite ! slate ! schist D. shale ! gneiss ! phyllite ! schist ! slate page 11 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 38. The absolute age of a rock is the approximate number of years ago that the rock formed. The absolute age of an igneous rock can best be determined by A. comparing the amounts of decayed and undecayed radioactive isotopes in the rock B. comparing the sizes of the crystals found in the upper and lower parts of the rock C. examining the rock's relative position in a rock outcrop 40. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types? A. B. D. examining the environment in which the rock is found C. D. 39. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below below, which represents a part of the rock cycle. The igneous rock, granite, and the characteristics of sedimentary rock X and metamorphic rock Y are shown. Identify sedimentary rock X. page 12 Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) Problem-Attic format version 4.4.231 c 2011–2015 EducAide Software _ Licensed for use by Rebecca Sha er Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com Geology Practice Test (12-2-15) 12/02/2015 1. Answer: B 21. Answer: B 2. Answer: B 22. Answer: B 3. Answer: B 23. Answer: A 4. Answer: A 24. Answer: B 5. Answer: A 25. Answer: B 6. Answer: B 26. Answer: B 7. Answer: B 27. Answer: A 8. Answer: D 28. Answer: C 9. Answer: C 29. Answer: D 10. Answer: C 30. Answer: B 11. Answer: A 31. Answer: A 12. Answer: D 32. Answer: 13. Answer: D – Dunite is more ma c. 14. Answer: B – Dunite does not contain pyroxene. 15. Answer: B 16. Answer: D 17. Answer: A 18. Answer: A 19. Answer: B 20. Answer: A Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: – It is more ma c. – Dunite contains only olivine, while peridotite contains pyroxene and olivine. – Peridotite has calcium, aluminum, and sodium. 33. Answer: B 34. Answer: A 35. Answer: D 36. Answer: C Teacher's Key 37. Answer: B 38. Answer: A 39. Answer: sandstone. 40. Answer: D Page 2