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The Practice of Statistics - Starnes, Tabor, Yates & Moore Chapter 1: Exploring Data Key Vocabulary: individuals variables categorical variable quantitative variable distribution range spread frequency outlier center shape skewed left bimodal skewed right symmetric dot plot histogram stemplot split stems back-to-back stemplot mean Σ x nonresistant median resistant quartiles Q1, Q3 IQR five-number summary minimum maximum boxplot modified boxplot standard deviation variance 1. In statistics, what is meant by individuals? 2. In statistics, what is meant by a variable? 3. What is the difference between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable? 4. What is meant by exploratory data analysis? (How do you explore data?) 5. What is meant by a distribution? 6. When is it useful to use a bar graph? 7. When is it useful to use a pie chart? Chapter 1: Exploring Data The Practice of Statistics - Starnes, Tabor, Yates & Moore 8. What are some things to look for in graphs to determine if they are good or bad? 9. When is it useful to use a two-way table? 10. What is meant by a marginal distribution? 11. What is meant by a conditional distribution? 12. What is meant by an association between two variables? 13. How do we describe the overall pattern of a distribution? 14. Define outlier. 15. If a distribution is symmetric, what does it look like? 16. If a distribution is skewed right, what does it look like? 17. If a distribution is skewed left, what does it look like? 18. If a distribution is bimodal, what does it look like? 19. When is it better to use a histogram rather than a dotplot? 20. What is meant by frequency in a histogram? Chapter 1: Exploring Data The Practice of Statistics - Starnes, Tabor, Yates & Moore 21. What is meant by relative frequency in a histogram? 22. What is the difference between a bar graph and a histogram? 23. When setting a window for constructing a histogram on the TI-84+: a. What is the significance of Xscl? b. How do you choose the values of Xmin and Xmax? c. What is the significance of Ymax? 24. How is the stemplot of a distribution related to its histogram? 25. When is it advantageous to split stems on a stemplot? 26. What is the purpose of a back-to-back stemplot? 27. In statistics, what is the most common measurement of center? 28. Explain how to calculate the mean, x . 29. Explain how to calculate the median, M. 30. Explain why the median is resistant to extreme observations, but the mean is nonresistant. 31. In statistics, what is meant by spread? Chapter 1: Exploring Data The Practice of Statistics - Starnes, Tabor, Yates & Moore 32. Explain how to calculate Q1 and Q3. 33. What does the 1.5 x IQR rule find? 34. What is the five-number summary? 35. What does standard deviation measure? 36. What is the relationship between variance and standard deviation? 37. When does standard deviation equal zero? 38. Is standard deviation resistant or nonresistant to extreme observations? Explain. 39. When is it better to use median and IQR to describe a distribution (as opposed to mean and standard deviation)? 40. What is the 4-step process? Chapter 1: Exploring Data