Download Chapter 2:i The Nile Valley

The Nile Valley
Chapter 2:id
The New Kingdom
1800-1000 B.C.
“The Land of the Pharaohs.”
New Kingdom
It was actually
during the 18th
dynasty of the
New Kingdom
that the rulers
of Egypt first
began using
the title
pharaoh.*
[Image source:
http://www.narmer.pl/gen/ima/g17-18en.gif]
*pharaoh (pe-ro) means “great house”
Cartouches of great pharaohs:
Hatshepsut
• ruled with her husband
• regent for stepson Thutmose III
• finally made herself pharaoh
Queen Hatshepsut
assumed all of the
trappings of royal
power, including
the false beard
traditionally worn
by Egyptian kings.
[Image source:
http://www.duke.edu/~drb3/hatshepsut/HATSHEPSUT.HTML]
Hatshepsut carried out an
extensive building program .
Thutmose III
ruled after
Hatshepsut’s
death and
marched a
large Egyptian
army northeast
to conquer
Syria.
Thutmose III
captured the
important
town of
Megiddo
which
controlled the
trade routes.
[Image source: http://www.eyelid.co.uk/k-q3.htm]
Thutmose III soon
conquered an empire
that brought great
wealth to Egypt.
[Image source: http://www.terraflex.co.il/ad/egypt/history18-20.htm#Thutmoseiii]
Egyptians
benefited from
cultural diffusion
when their
empire brought
them into contact
with other
cultures.
Amenhotep IV
broke with
tradition and
promoted
monotheism
when he
encouraged
Egyptians to
worship of one
god - Aton.
[Image source:
http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/akhencol.gif]
Akhenaton
moved the
capital of
Egypt from
Thebes to
Amarna.
[Image source:
http://www.unites.uqam.ca/dhist/pagesp/pagemg3.htm]
[Image source: http://www.unites.uqam.ca/dhist/pagesp/pagemg3.htm]
Amenhotep IV changed his
name to Akhenaton to honour
the sun-disk god Aton.
[Image source: http://www.pharaonicarts.com/AkhenatonSun.htm]
We know
about this brief
period in
history due to a
cache of letters
unearthed by
archaeologists
and known as
the Amarna
Letters.
Source: Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 1998, p. 39.
mage source: http://www.terraflex.co.il/ad/egypt/history18-20.htm#Tutankhamen]
After
Akhenaton’s
death, the
priests
restored the
old religion
and put
Tutankhamen
on the throne.
The priests
made Pharaoh
Tutankhamen
to move the
capital back
to Thebes.
[Image source:
http://www.unites.uqam.ca/dhist/pagesp/pagemg3.htm]
Tutankhamen’s tomb in the
Valley of the Kings
[Image source: http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Shores/9624/egypt.html]
General Ramses,
commander of the
Egyptian army,
overthrew the
18th dynasty and
established a new
dynasty.
[Image source: http://www.egybazar.com/ramsess18.html]
Pharaoh
Ramses II
worked to
restore
Egypt’s
prestige
during the
1200s B.C.
[Image source: http://www.natashascafe.com/cgi-bin/dbase.cgi?ramses]
He was known as “Ramses the Great”
because of his military prowess.
[Image source: http://www.natashascafe.com/cgi-bin/dbase.cgi?ramseschariot]
The Egyptians fought the Hittites of
southwest Asia for control of Syria.
Ramses II ruled for
67 years and
died at the
age of 90.
[Image source: http://www.ccer.ggl.ruu.nl/abu_simbel/ramses.html]
Egypt was
weakened by
attacks from
the Sea
Peoples and
entered a
period of
decline.
By 945 B.C.,
Egypt came
under foreign
rule - among
them the
Libyans from
the west and
the Kushites
from the south.