Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Atom _______________________- Matter can be divided to its smallest part the atom. Greek atomos- indivisible _______________________- 1800’s an English Chemist - All elements are composed of atoms - Atoms of the same element are exactly alike - atoms of Different Elements are different - compounds are made by joining elements ______________________- atoms have positive and negative particles _________________________- 1908 an English physicist -atoms are mostly empty space - have a small dense positively charged center, the nucleus - negative charge particles around the nucleus, electron _____________________- Bohr Model 1913, Danish Scientist - electrons move in orbits around the nucleus ( just like a solar system) - orbits or energy levels are located at certain levels from the nucleus _________________________- electrons do not move in a perfect orbit, - only a prediction can be made where an electron will be __________________________- A small positively charged nucleus - nucleus surrounded by electrons ( an equal but opposite charge of the proton) 1 The Atom ___________________- consists of two types of particles ( protons and neutrons) - 99.9 % of the mass of the atom - hundred thousand times smaller than the atom ______________________ - positively charged particles ______________________- mass of 1 amu ( atomic mass unit) ______________________- electrically neutral - mass of slightly more than 1 amu ____________________- 1/2000 the mass of a proton - negatively charged particle - in an uncharged atom the electrons equals the protons - circle the nucleus _____________________- the number of protons in the nucleus - always the same in an element ______________________- the number of protons and neutrons in an atom - on the periodic table the atomic mass is the average of all isotopes of an atom found in nature How many protons and neutrons are in Carbon 12 and Carbon 14? 2 The Atom _____________________- elements with the same # of protons but a different amount of neutrons in the nucleus Isotopes of Hydrogen Protium Nucleus Deuterium Nucleus Tritium Nucleus ________________- the space in which an electron is most likely found in an atom - energy levels - location in a cloud that an electron is likely to be found - electrons with a higher level are farther from the nucleus - electrons with lower energy are closer to the nucleus First level - 2 electrons Second Level - 8 electrons Third Level - 8 elecrons Properties of element depend on the outer shell - unfilled shells are unhappy and want to be filled - 1st energy level can hold 2 electrons - 2nd energy level can hold 8 __________- an atom is stable ( un-reactive) if it has 8 electrons in its outer shell 3 The Atom _________________________- the outermost shell is the valence shell - the electrons in the valence shell are the valence electrons Quantum Forces _______________________- force that holds protons and neutrons together ________________________- holds the neutrons and protons in the nucleus _______________________- positive and negative forces of electrons and protons holding the nucleus atom together Sub Atomic Particles ( Quantum Mechanics ) __________________- small particles that make up protons and neutrons __________________- small particles that make up electrons Fundamental Forces of Physics 4