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Transcript
The Split between the Muslims The Issue with who should be the first caliph • Caliph = successor to Muhammad • Should it be Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s father-inlaw? • Abu Bakr fought those who withdrew their loyalty to Islam over his take over. • Abu Bakr won in uniting Arabs under one leader • Under the first 4 caliphs, the Muslims beat the Byzantines and Persians! (take over of Jerusalem and Egypt) Abu Bakr Divisions within Islam Shi’ite Muslim • 15% of the World’s Muslims are Shi’ites • Mohammed was the founder of Islam. Shi’ites believe that the leadership of Muslims should have been passed down to someone in Mohammed’s family. • Quarrels over who should be the leader resulted in the death of Mohammed’s grandson, Hussein. • Imams are very important leaders among Shi’ites. Many Shi’ites, called “Twelvers” believe that the 12th imam, who disappeared in the 800s A.D. did not die. They believe he will return as “the Mahdi” at the end of the world. • Experts among Iranian Twelver Shi’ites are called “ ” (Look at their leaders) Iranians are 89% Shi’ites. ayatollahs Sunnis • About 90% of the world’s Muslims are Sunnis. • Sunnis believe that it was right for leadership to be passed from Mohammed down to leaders called “caliphs” • Caliphs were chosen by elders among the Sunnis. • Friday is the Muslims’ holy day. • While the Sunnis wait for the return of the caliph of Islam to earth, the Shi’ites think that he is already on Earth but has yet to be found. Sunni Muslim Israel’s Defense Shi’ite Muslims Iraq • Once the ruler– Saddam Hussein • Religion lied behind his instability. • The distrust that can exist between Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims was his instability. • The majority of Iraqis are Shi’ite, but minority Sunni Muslims like Saddam have long been rulers and administrators • There are other sizeable minorities who are disposed against the Arab Sunnis, mainly Kurds( who are Sunnis but not Arabs) and Christians • The very make-up of Iraq contains the seed of rule by paranoia, terror and persecution.