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Government Rationale: The mission of social studies is to prepare young people for informed responsible citizenship now and in the future. This will be accomplished through the study of economic, civic/political, social/cultural, historical and geographical perspectives Description: The study of American government helps students to develop a better understanding of the foundations of our democracy. The relationships of the three branches of this system are also considered. Citizenship, including both rights and responsibilities, is stressed. Major Instructional Goals: Principles of Constitutional Democracy Students will: Principles of constitutional democracy in the United States o Apply the following concepts to historical and contemporary issues: checks and balances, separation of powers, federalism, representation, popular sovereignty, due process of law, judicial review o Determine the civic responsibilities of individual citizens o Identify and give examples of democracies and republics o Assess the changing roles of government: philosophy, limits, duties o Describe the historical foundations of the United States governmental system o Evaluate the roles and influence of political parties and interest groups Understanding the relevance and connection of constitutional principles o Examine the relevance and connection of constitutional principles in the following documents: Mayflower Compact Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation U.S. Constitution Federalist Papers Amendments to Constitution, emphasizing Bill of Rights Key Supreme Court decision (e.g., Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Miranda v. Arizona, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Topeka Board of Education) United States History Students will: Political development in the United States o Analyze the evolution of American democracy, its ideas, institutions and political processes from colonial days to the present, including: American Revolution, Constitution and amendments, Civil War and Reconstruction, struggle for civil rights, expanding role of government World History Students will: Effect of the Enlightenment on major revolutions o Evaluate the Enlightenment, including its principle ideas, its antecedents, its challenge to absolutist monarchies and others and its effects on world history Principles and Processes of Governance Systems Students will: Principles and purposes of government o Describe the purposes and structure of laws and government (with emphasis on the federal and state governments) o Explain the importance of the following principles of government: limited government, majority rule and minority rights, constitution and civil rights, checks and balances, merits of the above principles Similarities and differences of governmental systems o Compare and contrast governmental systems, current and historical, including those that are democratic, totalitarian, monarchic, oligarchic and theocratic, and describe their impact Processes of governmental systems o Interpret the processes pertaining to: selection of political leaders (with an emphasis on presidential and parliamentary systems); functions and styles of leadership (including authoritarian, democratic and laissez faire); governmental systems; how laws and rules are made, enforced, changed and interpreted Economic Concepts and Principles Students will: Understanding the roles of people, business and government in economic systems of the United States o Analyze the roles that people, business and government play in economic systems, such as: monetary policy (why the Federal Reserve System influences interest rates and money supply), fiscal policy (government taxation and spending) Understanding the roles of government in a market economy o Identify the roles of government in a market economy (defining and protecting property rights, maintaining competition, promoting goals such as full employment, stable prices, growth and justice) Relationships of Individual and Groups to Institutions and Traditions Students will: Ideas and beliefs of different cultures o Compare and contrast the major ideas and beliefs of different cultures Changing of roles of various groups o Summarize how the roles of class, ethnic, racial, gender and age groups have changed in society, including causes and effects Major social institutions o Describe the major social institutions (family, education, religion, economy and government) and how they fulfill human needs Consequences of individual or institutional failure o Identify the consequences that can occur when: institutions fail to meet the needs of individuals and groups; individuals fail to carry out their personal responsibilities Causes, effects and resolutions of cultural conflict o Determine the causes, consequences and possible resolutions of cultural conflicts Tools of Social Science Inquiry Students will: Developing a research plan and identifying resources o Develop a research plan and identify appropriate resources to investigating social studies topics Selecting and analyzing primary/secondary sources o Distinguish between and analyze primary and secondary sources Understanding fact, opinion, bias and points of view in sources o Distinguish between fact and pinion and analyze sources to recognize bias and points of view Interpreting various social-studies resources o Interpret maps, statistics, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines, pictures, political cartoons, audiovisual materials, continua, written resources, art and artifacts Knowledge to create various social-studies’ graphics o Create maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, timelines and political cartoons to assist in analyzing and visualizing concepts in social studies