Download Political Science Test No. 1

Political Science Test No. 1
Chapter 1
Question 01.
• Definition: A system of rule by the people,
defined by the existence of popular
sovereignty, political equality and political
liberty.
• democracy
Question 02.
• Who was the African-American woman
who refused to give up her seat to a
passenger of European descent which
resulted in the Montgomery bus boycott
and a boost to civil rights?
• Rosa Parks
Question 03.
• Definition: The abuse of power by a ruler
or a government.
• tyranny
Question 04.
• What was the decision by the U.S.
Supreme Court which ended legal
separation of the races in the U.S.?
• Brown vs. Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas
Question 05.
• Definition: Representatives of the states
who formally elected the president; the
number of votes in this body held by each
state is equal to the total number of its
senators and congressional
representatives.
• electoral college
Question 06.
• What was the agreement which placed the
first, albeit small, constraints on the rule of
monarchs?
• The Magna Carta
Question 07.
• Definition: The period of tense relations
between the United States and the Soviet
Union form the late 1940s to the late
1980s.
• Cold War
Question 08.
• Conflicts throughout the world such as
Bosnia, Indonesia, Northern Ireland, the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the genocide in
Africa between Tutsi and Hutu are not
reflections of racism but what?
• tribalism
Question 09.
• Who was Robert Moses?
•
a Civil Rights activist in
Mississippi during the 1960s
Chapter 2
Question 10.
• Definition: The power of the Supreme
Court to declare actions of the other
branches and levels of government
unconstitutional.
• judicial review
Question 11.
• What characteristic is said to be part of the
genius of the American political system.
• compromise
Question 12.
• Definition: The first ten amendments to
the U.S. Constitution, concerned with
basic liberties.
• Bill of Rights
Question 13.
• Though the men who met in Philadelphia
believed in the need to repair the Articles
of Confederation they could be said to
believe which of the following principles.
• They were not democrats, they did
not believe the people could have
direct power.
Question 14.
• Definition: The constitutional principle that
government power shall be divided and
that the fragments should balance or
check one another to prevent tyranny.
• checks & balances
Question 15.
• Who presided over the Constitutional
Convention of 1787?
• George Washington
Question 16.
• What was the Three-fifths Compromise?
• It allowed the South to count
slaves as 3/5ths of a citizen when
determining representation in the
House.
Question 17.
• Why was slavery permitted to continue
once the Constitution was ratified and the
United States created?
• The Southern colonies would
have never joined the union had
slavery been prohibited.
Question 18.
• What was the name of the insurrection in
Massachusetts where Revolutionary War
veterans turned to violence in protesting
against foreclosures and other
discriminatory practices against the poorer
classes which resulted in the
abandonment of this nation’s first
constitution?
• Shays Rebellion
Chapter 3
Question 19.
• Definition: An attempt by states to declare
national laws or actions null and void.
• Nullification
Question 20.
• The principle of judicial review was
established under what Chief Justice of
the U.S. Supreme Court?
• John Marshall
Question 21.
• Definition: Federal grants to the states to
be used for general activities.
• block grants
Question 22.
• What about the English Parliament’s
geographic authority did the Founders find
undesirable?
• One legislative body ruled the
whole nation.
Question 23.
• When modern politicians talk about turning
more and more power over to local control,
what problem arises to undermine the
premise that this would produce a more
democratic outcome?
• The percentage of the electorate who
vote gets smaller and smaller the more
local the election is; this means that
fewer and fewer people are making the
decisions in local government.
Question 24.
• What social conditions of the 20th Century
resulted in a dramatic increase in federal
authority regarding states?
• racial segregation of the South
Question 25.
• What Constitutional Amendment imposes
national standards of due process?
• 14h Amendment
Chapter 4
Question 26
• Definition: Anti-foreign (and anti-Catholic);
applied to political movements of the
nineteenth century.
• nativist
Question 27.
• In defining America in 1776 as the land
which will eventually comprise the nation,
occupied by people, rather than merely the
political entities which were descendants
of the original thirteen British colonies
existing in and expanding in an
unpopulated vacuum, how does this
change the historical perception?
Answer 27
• It shows that the land which will
eventually comprise America was
already ethnically, racially, and
religiously diverse when the
United States was created.
Question 28.
• Definition: The period of transition from
predominantly agricultural to
predominantly industrial societies in the
Western nations in the nineteenth century
(from text). A exponential growth in the
size and power of businesses
unanticipated by the Founders (from
lectures).
• Industrial Revolution
Question 29.
• What group of Americans believed they
were royalty, anointed by God to be
superior.
• industrialists
Question 30.
• Definition: The federal government’s
calculation of the amount of income
families of various sizes need to stay out
of poverty.
• poverty line
Question 31.
• Social Darwinism is the application of
Charles Darwin=s theories of evolution to
the condition of human beings. What
phrase would best describe the
philosophy?
• Survival of the fittest
Question 32.
• Definition: The belief that America should
avoid foreign involvement of any form is
called.
• isolationism
Question 33.
• How did work change for most Americans
during the nineteenth century (1800s)?
• The nature of work changed
dramatically with the introduction
of repetitive industrial work.
Lanahan Readings
Question 34.
• Who wrote the classic analysis of America
and American politics called Democracy in
America?
• Alexis De Tocqueville
Question 35.
• From Reading # 4: Bowling Alone, by
Robert Putnam What is meant by the title?
• people don’t help one another
as they once did
Question 36.
• In Reading #6, Race Matters, by Cornel
West What triggered Dr. West=s reflection
about racism in America?
• Cabs would not stop for him in
New York City
Question 37.
• In Reading #8, Habits of the Heart by
Robert Bellah and others, who does the
author see as the epitome of the
independent, self-reliant American?
• the cowboy
Question 38.
• From Reading # 9: The American Political
Tradition by Richard HofstaderB The
Founders believed what about men (i.e.
human beings)?
• they were sinful & corruptible
Question 39.
• From Reading #10, who wrote Federalist
Number 10?
• James Madison
Question 40.
• In Lanahan Reading #12, The Power Elite,
by C. Wright Mills, what groups make up
the power elite?
• Corporate, political & military
leaders
Question 41.
• From Reading # 21: Laboratories of
Democracy by David Osborne, what
institutions the author see as the
“laboratories”
• the states
Current Events
Question 42.
• In the current events article in
Newsweek’s, “The Road Ahead,” what
entrepreneur is featured?
• Bill Gates
Question 43.
• In the article in Newsweek’s, “Devoted and
Defiant,” President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad says he doesn’t want
nuclear weapons. What country is
Ahmadinejad its president?
• Iran