Download chapter 3 from a cell to an organism

LIFE SCIENCE MID-TERM EXAM REVIEW
NAME _______________
STUDENT # ____ - ____
NATURE OF SCIENCE
Define
1. Constant – the factors in an experiment that remain the same
2. Independent Variable – the factor in an experiment that is manipulated or changed by
the investigator
3. Inference – an explanation of an observation
4. Observation – using one or more of your senses to gather information
5. Prediction – A statement about what will happen next in a sequence of events
Completion the following statements
6. A prediction or statement that can be tested is ___hypothesis__.
7. The part of a controlled experiment where the independent variable does
not change is the__ control_ group.
8. List 3 objects you’d measure in meters. Hallway, room, desk
Define
9. Gram – SI unit used to measure mass
10. Liter – SI unit used to measure volume
11. Kilo- means 1,000
12. Milli- means 1/1000
Be able to identify each of these components in an experiment.
13. Experimental group14. Control group15. Constants-
CHAPTER 1 CLASSIFYING AND EXPLORING LIFE
Define
16. Classification – system of grouping organisms with similar traits
17. Common Name –Varies with location; an organism may have more than one of these
18. Dichotomous Key – Used to identify organisms
19. Linnaeus – Developed a classification system and scientific naming
Completion the following statements
20. List 2 examples of an organism responding to change.
Plants growing towards the sun, sweating when it is hot
21. List 6 characteristics of life.
Responding to change
Getting and using energy
Organization
Growth and development
Reproduction
Homeostasis
22. How many times does a compound light microscope with an ocular lens of 4X and an
objective lens of 10X magnify objects? 40X
23. The classification system most commonly used today separates organisms into _6_
kingdoms.
24. List 5 organisms that get their energy directly from the Sun.
Desert paintbrush, oak tree, roses, corn, seaweed
25. Organisms in the same _____species____ are closely related.
26. In a scientific name the ___genus__is capitalized.
27. sapien is our __species__.
28. __Stimulus__ is something that causes a reaction.
29. Organisms in the same _kingdom__ have the least in common.
Identification
Using the Dichotomous Key provided identify the foot prints.
Front
Hind
30._ Beaver_______
Front
Hind
31. ____mink___
Dichotomous Key to Animal Tracks
1. a. toe print separate from sole print, go to 2
b. toe print attached to sole print, go to 3
2. a. toes with long claws, Mephitis mephitis
(skunk)
b. toes with short claws, Mustela vison (mink)
3. a. regular-shaped toes, go to 4
b. irregular-shaped toes, Didelphis virginiana
(opossum)
4. a. hind toes webbed, Castor canadensis (beaver)
b. hind toes not webbed, Marmota monax
(woodchuck)
Front
Hind
32.____opossum__
CHAPTER 2 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
What is the function of the following organelles?
33. Cell membrane – Controls what enters and leaves the cell
34. Cell wall – Rigid outer layer of a plant cell
35. Endoplasmic reticulum – Moves materials in the cell
36. Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell
37. Nucleus – Powerhouse of the cell
Completion the following statements
38. __Carbohydrates___ are macromolecules made of sugar molecules joined together.
39. What are the 3 ways that plant and animal cells differ?
Cell wall, Chloroplast, and vacuole size
40. The passive transport of water through a membrane is ___osmosis____.
41. C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat represents ___respiration__.
42. Name 3 organisms that have prokaryotic cells.
Bacteria, blue-green algae, cyanobacteria
43. Materials enter and leave the nucleus through the __nuclear envelope__.
44. If the movement of molecules requires energy, it is __active__transport.
45. Lipid is another name for _fat__.
46. Respiration occurs in the __mitochondria___.
47. __Respiration___ is an energy releasing process.
48. _Eukaryotic__ cells have organelles.
49-58. Concept map- Create and complete the concept map on page 77 of your textbook in
the space below.
CHAPTER 3 FROM A CELL TO AN ORGANISM
Define
59. Cytokinesis – The division of the cytoplasm and organelles
60. Cell Differentiation – Process in which cells become different types of cells
61. Mitosis – The division of the nucleus
62. Tissue – Groups of similar types of cells that work together
63. Stem cell – Unspecialized cells that are able to develop into many different
kinds of cells
Completion the following statements
64. Most of the life of any cell is spent in a period of cell growth and development called
__interphase__.
65. Each human skin cell has _46_ chromosomes.
66. Stem cells are __undifferentiated cells__.
67. When an organism needs different kinds of cells to do a certain job it is
__multicellular__.
68. A liver is an example of a _organ__.
69. DNA _replication__ must occur before mitosis can begin.
70. Sister chromatids are held together by a _centromere__.
71-74. Draw a diagram of the 4 phases of mitosis in order and label them.
What happens in the phases of mitosis?
75. Prophase – Copied DNA condenses into chromosomes.
The nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Spindle fibers begin to form
76. Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in single file at the middle of the cell
77. Anaphase- Sister chromatids separate.
Spindle fibers begin to shorten, pulling chromatids toward opposite sides of
the cell.
The cell begins to lengthen
78. TelophaseA nuclear membrane forms around the chromatin.
Chromosomes begin to unwind.
Spindle fibers begin to break down.
Two identical nuclei form.
79. If the cell cycle is 24 hours long. And interphase is 23 hours long, what percentage of
the cell cycle is mitosis and cytokinesis? 4.2%
CHAPTER 4 CELL REPRODUCTION
Define
80. Chromosomes – Controls cell activity with coded instructions
81. Fertilization - The joining of an egg and sperm
82. Zygote - Cell that forms after fertilization
Completion the following statements
83. Human zygotes have _46_ individual chromosomes.
84. Cells that have only one copy of each chromosome are _haploid_.
85-92. Concept map- Create and complete the concept map on page 141 of your textbook in
the space below.
CHAPTER 5 GENETICS
93. Proteins are made of __amino acids__ linked together in a specific order.
94. What are the 3 ways that DNA and RNA molecule structure is different?
Size, sugar, and nitrogen base
95. What are the 3 basic parts of a DNA molecule?
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
96. What are the 3 types of RNA?
Ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and messenger RNA
97. Cross a tall (Tt) pea plant with a tall (Tt) pea plant using a punnett square.
T
t
T
TT
Tt
t
Tt
tt
98. What genotypes are possible in the offspring? TT, Tt, tt
99. What is the ratio of dominant phenotype to recessive phenotype? 3:1
100. How many offspring will be short? ¼ or 25%