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WoRDSS: The World Register
of Deep-Sea Species
Adrian Glover, Nick Higgs & Tammy Horton
deep-sea pressures oppose the secretion of gas. Many
bottom-associated deep-sea fishes that use a gas-filled
swim bladder to regulate their buoyancy (Merrett, Fig. 2.2. Typical profiles of mean temperature versus depth
1989) overcome this problem, in part, by increasing open ocean. Modified from Pickard and Emery (1990). Repr
the length of the retia mirabilia (Marshall, 1979), a by permission of Butterworth Heinemann.
component of the system that secretes gas into the swim
Temperature (oC)
bladder.
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Pressure also affects an organism biochemically
because the performance of proteins (e.g., enzymes)
0
and lipid structures (e.g., membranes) changes with
200
pressure. For example, any biochemical reaction that
Minimum
Maximum
temperature
temperature
involves an increase in volume at any step in the
400
transition from reactants to products will proceed
600
more slowly as pressure increases (Hochachka and
800
Somero, 1984). A species that lives in the deep sea
must have adaptations that reduce or eliminate the
1000
pressure effects on reaction rates. Such adaptations
1200
include modifications of the enzymatic machinery (e.g.,
1400
changes to the amino-acid sequence of an enzyme) to
2.3. Annual
variation
reduce or eliminate volume changes during catalysis Fig.Thistle
(2003)temperature
after Sanders
(1968) in the western North A
illustrating
the
diminishing
amplitude
of seasonal variatio
(Siebenaller and Somero, 1978). These adaptations
come with a cost; pressure-insensiti ve enzymes are not depth. Modified from Sanders (1968). Reproduced by permis
the University of Chicago Press. Copyright 1968 by the Un
as efficient at shallow-water pressures as are those of of Chicago.
shallow-water species (Hochachka and Somero, 1984).
@BahaNick
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
What is a deep-sea species?
We chose 500m as our cut off point
Depth of minimum seasonal variation
Depth (m)
What is deep-sea? 200m? 300m?
What is a deep-sea species?
Inclusive or exclusive?
We choose an inclusive definition based on ecological interaction
894 m
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@BahaNick
Building the database
500 m
filter
SYNDEEP
WoRDSS
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
Database problems
Imperfect records from our source databases are carried over
Need weeding out… but how to do this?
Expert help is used e.g. deep-sea corals
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
What can we do?
Trends in species
description rates
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
What can we do?
Higgs & Attrill (2016) Front. Marine Sci
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
Deep Sea ID App
Make deep-sea species info:
• accessible to scientists
• attractive to the public
WoRDSS
Images donated by individuals and
institutions, eg:
• David Shale
• JAMSTEC
• HURL
• NOAA-OE
• NIWA
• ONC
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
Deep Sea ID App
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
Deep Sea ID App
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick
Where are we now?
• Over 25,000 deep sea species listed
• Over 500 high-res images
• Over 12,000 downloads of Deep Sea ID
• iOS & Android version of app
#DeepSeaData Workshop Oostende, Oct 2016
@BahaNick