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Translation
The 2nd step in Protein
Synthesis
Translation Vocabulary
18)Anticodon
19)‘AUG’
20)Codon
21)Polypeptide
22)‘Stop’ Codon
23)Translation
IV. Translation
A. Proteins are long chains of amino acids.
B. Codon: 3 consecutive nucleotides that “code”
for a specific amino acid.
• What is the universal “start” codon:
• AUG
• What are the three “stop” codons?
• UGA, UAA, UAG
The Genetic Code
(mRNA to Protein)
Translating an mRNA codon:
Start from the center and
move outward.
The Genetic Code
Start from the left
side, the bottom,
then right side.
C.
Use the genetic code below to translate the
following mRNA sequences (into amino acids)
1. mRNA:
AUGUAUCGGGCAUUUUAA
2. mRNA:
UCCAUGGAAGUGAUUCCAUAA
3. mRNA:
CCAUGUGUCCCCAAUGAAAA
C.
Use the genetic code below to translate the
following mRNA sequences:
1. mRNA:
AUGUAUCGGGCAUUUUAA
Methionine (START), Tyrosine, Arginine, Alanine, Phenylalanine, STOP.
2. mRNA:
UCCAUGGAAGUGAUUCCAUAA
Serine, Methionine, Glutamic Acid, Valine, Isoleucine, Proline, STOP
3. mRNA:
CCAUGUGUCCCCAAUGAAAA
Methionine, Cysteine, Proline, Glutamine, STOP, Lysine
D. Translation:
The decoding of
RNA into a
polypeptide
chain (protein)
E. The Central Dogma of
Biology is:
DNA  RNA  protein
Where does the first step
take place? Nucleus
Where does the second
step take place?
Cytoplasm
F. What is the job of tRNA during translation? Bringing
amino acids to ribosomes, match them with the correct
base on mRNA.
What is an anticodon? The three bases on tRNA that match
with mRNA codons.
G. What is the role of the ribosome during
translation? It is the site of protein
assembly
The 4 steps of Translation
H. 1) mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus then travels
to the cytoplasm
2) Ribosome grabs mRNA. tRNA brings amino acids to
the ribosome
3) tRNA matches with complimentary mRNA.
Ribosome makes peptide bond between amino acids, and
breaks the bond between tRNA and amino acid.
4) Peptide chain continues to grow until ribosome reaches a stop codon
Protein is complete.
Protein structure/folding
•Primary
•Amino acids holding hands
•Secondary
•Alpha helix
•Beta pleated sheets
•Tertiary
•Quaternary