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Name __________________________________ Date _________ Period ____ Living Environment: 4 Protein Synthesis Aim: How Are Proteins Synthesized? 1) What are the main jobs of DNA? a. _____________________ b. ________________ __________________ 2) Why does DNA Replicate? What process is it part of? ________________________________________________ 3) How are proteins synthesized? The 2 Processes are involved: i. __________________________________ ii. __________________________________ 4) Why does mRNA have to leave the nucleus? What does the DNA contain the instructions for? ___________________________________ mRNA takes the coded message of DNA out of the nucleus. Where does it have to go? _________ Once in the cytoplasm, what organelle will the mRNA seek out? __________________________ 5) What is the function of ribosomes? What is synthesized (made) here? ___________________ The building blocks required to make these organic molecules are: __________________________ 6) What transports the amino acids to the ribosomes? ________ 7) What are the parts of the tRNA? 1) ____________________ - three base pairs that are complimentary to a specific codon in the mRNA. 2) __________________________ - a specific amino acid binds here. 1 8) How does the tRNA know what amino acid to deliver? tRNA has an ___________________________ and also attaches to amino acids and brings them to the ribosome. 9) mRNA – tRNA – Amino Acid GGG…….. ____________ ___________________ AUC…..… ____________ ___________________ ACC…..… ____________ ___________________ CGU…..… ____________ ___________________ 10) mRNA vs. tRNA: a) Messenger RNA Where is mRNA carrying the instructions from and to? ________________________________________ b) Transfer RNA What does it bring to the ribosome? _______________________ 11) Steps of Protein Synthesis: 1. DNA is Transcribed into mRNA. 2. What enters the cytoplasm from the nucleus? _______ 3. tRNA picks up amino acids. Where do they go? ___________________________________________ 4. A codon is a series of 3 bases found on the mRNA. How does an amino acid attach to each other to form the protein? ______________________________________________________________ 5. What type of bonds are formed between the amino acids as they are linked together? ________________________________ 6. A releasing factor binds to one of 3 “stop codons”. What is the purpose of the stop codon? ____________________________________ STOP CODONS: ____________, __________, __________ 2