Download Physical Science 103

EXAM #1
PHYSICAL SCIENCE 103
SPRING, 2017
OBJECTIVES
1. Foot Pressure


Determine the surface area of an object.
Given the weight and surface area, calculate the pressure.
2. Measuring Volume & Mass

Provided a graduated cylinder:
o record the volume to correct accuracy.
o convert units of milliliters and liters.

Provided a triple-beam balance:
o record the mass to correct accuracy.
o convert unit of grams and kilograms.

Conduct an experiment to:
o
measure the mass and volume of an object.
o
graph data, draw best-fit line, and determine the slope.
o
relate slope with density.
o
determine the volume of a given mass.
o
determine the mass of a given volume.
3. Measuring Length & Volume

Provided a ruler:
o
record the length to correct accuracy.
o
convert units of mm, cm, m, and km.

Apply the rules for significant figures when performing calculations.

Apply the rules of scientific notation when performing calculations.

Calculate the volume of a cylindrical and rectangular solid.

Conduct experiments to determine the number of objects within a container.
4. Speed & Acceleration

Provided a graph (distance vs. time) and/or (speed vs. time) for a moving object, be able to
determine the slope of the line and describe the speed and acceleration of the object.

Explain the concept of terminal speed.

Apply the units of speed (m/s) and units of acceleration (m/s2) when describing motion.

Calculate the speed and acceleration of a moving object on an inclined plane.

Calculate the range of a falling object from an inclined plane.
5. Newton’s Laws of Motion
 Explain inertia in terms of mass.
 Explain the mathematical proportionality of force, mass and acceleration.
 Perform calculations with Newton’s Second Law
 Differentiate between mass and weight.
 Identify the action / reaction pairs of forces.
 Apply Newton’s Laws to a variety of physical situations.
Practice Problems
Speed
Distance
1. A car is traveling at a constant speed of 65 mph along Route 95 toward Boston from Providence. The
car reaches a work zone and slows to 40 mph. After it passes through the work zone it resumes its
speed of 65 mph. Draw two graphs, labeling the axes, that illustrate the speed and acceleration of the
car.
Time
Time
2 A sheet of paper measures 12.60 cm wide by 9.10 cm long. What is the area of the sheet of paper?
Record your answer with the appropriate number of significant figures and in scientific notation.

What is the area in mm2? m2?
3 A student is determining the density of an unknown piece of mineral. She partially fills a
graduated cylinder with water. Use the graduated cylinder to the right to determine the
volume of water added to the graduated cylinder.
60
50
100
90
 Next, the student placed a piece of mineral into the graduated
cylinder. Record the volume of the water and sample in the
graduated cylinder.
40
30
80

Determine the volume of the piece of mineral.
70
The student then determined the mass of the piece of mineral. Record the mass from the balance.




Calculate the density of the sample of mineral. (Remember significant figures and proper units!)
4 A vial of beans has a diameter of 11.35 cm and a height of 19.50 cm. The dimensions of a typical bean
is presented in the table below. Approximately how many beans would fit into this container?
Bean
Length
1.10 cm
Height
0.90 cm
Width
1.23 cm

Determine the volume of the bean expressing your answer with the appropriate number of
significant figures.

Determine the volume of the vial expressing your answer with the appropriate number of significant
figures.

Determine the number of beans in the vial expressing your answer with the appropriate number of
significant figures and in scientific notation
5. A skydiver has a mass of 100.0 kg. What is the downward force of the skydiver?
6. An elephant’s foot measures 17.5 inches in circumference and weighs 1500 lbs. What is the pressure
on the bottom of the elephant’s foot?
7. An inclined plane measures 2.50 m long. It takes on average 4.10 seconds for a ball to travel to the
end of the ramp. The ball travels 18.0 cm. in the first second.

What is the final speed at the bottom of the ramp?

What is the average acceleration along the ramp?

What is the acceleration during the first second?

Approximately how far would the ball roll after 2 seconds? 3 seconds?

If the table the inclined plane is on is 95.0 cm high, how far from the table will the ball hit the floor?
8. Explain why a magician is able to pull a tablecloth out from under a dining set complete with candle
holders.
9. When the same net force is applied to two blocks, the yellow one has a larger acceleration than the
blue one. Explain.
10. The following data was obtained by measuring the mass and volume of 5 samples of a mineral.

Calculate the total mass and total volume for the samples as you did in the laboratory.

Draw a best-fit graph to determine the average density of the material.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
Mass (g)
46.75
37.34
59.10
61.94
47.82
Volume (mL)
9.0
7.3
11.9
12.0
9.4
Total Mass (g)
46.75
Total Volume (mL)
9.0
11. Using your graph, if you have a 100.00 g sample of the mineral, what volume would it occupy?
If you had a have a 40.0 mL sample of the mineral what is the mass of this sample?
12. How many pieces of rice that are 1.4 mm x 8.2 mm x 1.4 mm would fit into a cylinder that measures
28.54 cm high and has a diameter of 7.26 cm? Express your answer in correct significant figures and in
scientific notation.
13. If a car is traveling at 110 km/hr and it travels for 45 minutes how far does it go?
14. If a truck travels 540 km in 6.5 hrs, what is its average speed?
15. Consider the following scenario. A car (and driver) are traveling down Rt. 95 at 55 mph. The driver
increases its speed to 70 mph to pass a truck. A police car spots the car speeding, and pulls the car over
to the side of the road to a complete stop. Construct a graph illustrating the speed and acceleration for
this car.
16. Two students are conducting an experiment to determine the height of a building. One student at
the top drops a rock. The second student times how long it takes the rock to fall to the ground. Ignoring
air resistance, how high is the building if it takes 4.5 seconds for the rock to fall from the top of the
building.

What is the speed of the rock when it hits the ground?
17. A car traveling at a constant speed of 65 mph has zero acceleration. Explain how this is so.
18. A skydiver has a mass of 100.0 kg.
What is the downward force of the skydiver? ___________________________
At the instant the skydiver exits the airplane,
what is the downward acceleration of the skydiver? ___________________________
As the skydiver falls through the air, what changes occur in the following: (circle the correct
answers)
The skydiver’s downward force:
Increase
Decrease
No Change
The skydiver’s acceleration:
Increase
Decrease
No Change
The upward air resistance:
Increase
Decrease
No Change
19. A small child slides down a playground slide. The child’s bigger brother is sitting at the bottom of
the slide and the child crashes into his brother at the bottom. What can be said about the forces acting
on the child and the bigger brother?
20. Google Apollo 15 Hammer and Feather.
a. What did they do?
b. What happened?
c. What did it prove?
21. Perform the following calculations:
2.35 x 103 cm x 9.70 x 104 cm =
6.4 x 10-2 g ÷ 4.58 x 10-4 cm3 =
22. Use all three of Newton’s Laws of Motion to describe why a baby carriage is harder to move with
the baby inside than when empty.
23. Using Newton’s Laws describe how a motor boat moves through the water.
24. Using Newton’s Laws describe why a snowflake falls gently to the ground.
25. Determine your weight.