Download Study Guide – Benchmark Test #1 Topics Covered: Scientific

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Study Guide – Benchmark Test #1
Topics Covered: Scientific Measurement, Scientific Investigation, Motion/Force, Work/
Power, and Simple Machines.
Tests Covered #1-4
Tests #1&2 – Scientific Investigation and Measurement
1. Why are there two groups in a controlled experiment? one tests the hypothesis; one is for comparison
2. Identify the six steps of the scientific method. 1.)identify the problem 2.) form the hypothesis 3.) test
through experiments 4.) record/analyze data 5.) draw conclusions 6.) check/share your work
3. What is an educated guess to the solution of a problem? hypothesis
4. In a controlled experiment the variable ______changes_________________.
5. The SI unit of length is ______meter_______.
6. The SI unit of mass is _____grams________.
7. What instrument is used to measure liquid volume? Graduated cylinder
8. Which instrument is used to measure length? Metric ruler
9. Which instrument is used to measure mass? Triple beam balance
10. What is the density of 300 g of gold that takes up a volume of 15 mL is _300/15 = 20 g/ml_.
11. What type of graph would best show the differences in the growth of two plants over a period
of two months? line
12. What type of graph would best show how many different kinds of birds you observed at a wild
life preserve? bar
13. What type of graph would best show the percentage of ingredients used to make a cake? pie
14. What are the differences between independent variables and dependent variables?
IV = x-axis, after if, 1st change, the cause
DV = y-axis, after then, last change, the effect
15. What are the factors that do not change in a controlled experiment? constants
16. A graduated cylinder has a volume of 20 mL and a volume of 26 mL after an eraser is placed in
the cylinder. What is the volume of the eraser? 26- 20 = 6 mL
17. __scientific notation___ is a simplified way of writing an extremely large or small number.
18. Solve a metric conversion problem, ex. 45 km = ___45,000___ m
19. Read a balance, graduated cylinder, ruler, or thermometer.
20. Know the meanings of the metric prefixes.
_kilo_
_hecto_
__deca__
(meter, liter, gram)
__deci__
Test #3- Motion/Forces
21. The distance an object travels in a given time is __speed___.
22. A change in velocity over time is __acceleration___.
23. What does velocity tell that speed does not? direction
__centi_
_milli_
24. Read and interpret a speed or acceleration graph (look at the pics on motion/forces notes)
25. How fast is an object traveling if it goes 15 meters in 3 seconds? S=d/t; 15m/3s = 5 m/s
26. What is the acceleration of a parked car that reaches a speed of 60 km/h in 4 seconds?
(final speed – starting speed)/time; (60-0)/4 = 15 km/h/s
27. The tendency of objects to resist any changes in motion is _inertia__.
28. A push or pull that starts, stops, or changes the direction of an object is __force___.
29. For every action there is an opposite reaction refers to which of Newton’s Laws? Newton’s 3rd
30. Which of Newton’s Laws state that Force = Mass x Acceleration? Newton’s 2nd law
31. Which of Newton’s Laws is called the Law of Inertia? Newton’s 1st law
32. What is the force of gravity reacting with the force of velocity that results in a curved path?
Projectile motion
33. What is the force of a 300 kg boulder falling at 10 m/s/s? F=ma 300 x 10= 3,000 N
34. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, but weight depends on the amount of _gravity__.
35. The type of friction that occurs when a boulder falls through the air? Fluid friction
36. Based on the formula acceleration = force/mass what happens to acceleration if mass
increases? Acceleration decreases as mass increases
Test #4- Work/Power/Simple Machines
37. What is the rate at which work is done? power
38. What is a force acting on an object in the direction it moves? work
39. Identify the different types of lever. F = 1, R= 2, E= 3
40. If you exert a force of 50 N to lift a box a distance of 2 meters how much work have you
done? W= F x d; 50 x 2 = 100 J
41. If you exert a force of 50 N to walk 4 meters up a flight of stairs in 4 seconds how much
power is used? P = W/t or (F x d)/t; (50 x 4)/4 = 50W
42. A comparison of work output to work input is ___mechanical efficiency______.
43. The mechanical advantage of a pulley is found by ___ # of ropes (pulleys)______.
44. Do machine reduce the amount of work that must be done? How do machines make work easier?
No; multiplies the effort force and/or changes the direction of the force
45. List and identify examples of different types of simple machines. Lever- wheel barrow; pulley- flag
pole; wheel &axle- steering wheel; inclined plane-wedge, screw