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Name: _________________________________________ Study Guide – Benchmark Test #1 Topics Covered: Scientific Measurement, Scientific Investigation, Motion/Force, Work/ Power, and Simple Machines. Tests Covered #1-4 Tests #1&2 – Scientific Investigation and Measurement 1. Why are there two groups in a controlled experiment? one tests the hypothesis; one is for comparison 2. Identify the six steps of the scientific method. 1.)identify the problem 2.) form the hypothesis 3.) test through experiments 4.) record/analyze data 5.) draw conclusions 6.) check/share your work 3. What is an educated guess to the solution of a problem? hypothesis 4. In a controlled experiment the variable ______changes_________________. 5. The SI unit of length is ______meter_______. 6. The SI unit of mass is _____grams________. 7. What instrument is used to measure liquid volume? Graduated cylinder 8. Which instrument is used to measure length? Metric ruler 9. Which instrument is used to measure mass? Triple beam balance 10. What is the density of 300 g of gold that takes up a volume of 15 mL is _300/15 = 20 g/ml_. 11. What type of graph would best show the differences in the growth of two plants over a period of two months? line 12. What type of graph would best show how many different kinds of birds you observed at a wild life preserve? bar 13. What type of graph would best show the percentage of ingredients used to make a cake? pie 14. What are the differences between independent variables and dependent variables? IV = x-axis, after if, 1st change, the cause DV = y-axis, after then, last change, the effect 15. What are the factors that do not change in a controlled experiment? constants 16. A graduated cylinder has a volume of 20 mL and a volume of 26 mL after an eraser is placed in the cylinder. What is the volume of the eraser? 26- 20 = 6 mL 17. __scientific notation___ is a simplified way of writing an extremely large or small number. 18. Solve a metric conversion problem, ex. 45 km = ___45,000___ m 19. Read a balance, graduated cylinder, ruler, or thermometer. 20. Know the meanings of the metric prefixes. _kilo_ _hecto_ __deca__ (meter, liter, gram) __deci__ Test #3- Motion/Forces 21. The distance an object travels in a given time is __speed___. 22. A change in velocity over time is __acceleration___. 23. What does velocity tell that speed does not? direction __centi_ _milli_ 24. Read and interpret a speed or acceleration graph (look at the pics on motion/forces notes) 25. How fast is an object traveling if it goes 15 meters in 3 seconds? S=d/t; 15m/3s = 5 m/s 26. What is the acceleration of a parked car that reaches a speed of 60 km/h in 4 seconds? (final speed – starting speed)/time; (60-0)/4 = 15 km/h/s 27. The tendency of objects to resist any changes in motion is _inertia__. 28. A push or pull that starts, stops, or changes the direction of an object is __force___. 29. For every action there is an opposite reaction refers to which of Newton’s Laws? Newton’s 3rd 30. Which of Newton’s Laws state that Force = Mass x Acceleration? Newton’s 2nd law 31. Which of Newton’s Laws is called the Law of Inertia? Newton’s 1st law 32. What is the force of gravity reacting with the force of velocity that results in a curved path? Projectile motion 33. What is the force of a 300 kg boulder falling at 10 m/s/s? F=ma 300 x 10= 3,000 N 34. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, but weight depends on the amount of _gravity__. 35. The type of friction that occurs when a boulder falls through the air? Fluid friction 36. Based on the formula acceleration = force/mass what happens to acceleration if mass increases? Acceleration decreases as mass increases Test #4- Work/Power/Simple Machines 37. What is the rate at which work is done? power 38. What is a force acting on an object in the direction it moves? work 39. Identify the different types of lever. F = 1, R= 2, E= 3 40. If you exert a force of 50 N to lift a box a distance of 2 meters how much work have you done? W= F x d; 50 x 2 = 100 J 41. If you exert a force of 50 N to walk 4 meters up a flight of stairs in 4 seconds how much power is used? P = W/t or (F x d)/t; (50 x 4)/4 = 50W 42. A comparison of work output to work input is ___mechanical efficiency______. 43. The mechanical advantage of a pulley is found by ___ # of ropes (pulleys)______. 44. Do machine reduce the amount of work that must be done? How do machines make work easier? No; multiplies the effort force and/or changes the direction of the force 45. List and identify examples of different types of simple machines. Lever- wheel barrow; pulley- flag pole; wheel &axle- steering wheel; inclined plane-wedge, screw