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Internal Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Sea Floor Spreading Internal Structure of the Earth The Earth has four internal layers: • __________ • __________ • __________ • __________ Earth’s Interior How do we know there are four layers? • __________________________________ • Using ________ waves, they can tell whether an object is a _____ or a _____, so by using that information, they theorized about the interior layers of the Earth Seismic waves and the Earth’s Interior Layers of the Earth • Crust – Made out of ______ crust or _________ crust – __________ layer – The one we live on – We have never _______ through this layer • Ocean crust: ____________________ • Continental crust: __________________________________ __________________________________ Ocean Vs. Continental Crust Basalt = Ocean Crust Granite = Continental Crust Mantle • The mantle is the _____________ layer • The material is similar to ______ —not quite a solid, but not a liquid either • The __________ of the substance allows the plates to _____________________________ • The mantle is broken into two parts – _____________: upper mantle and crust – _____________: lower mantle Outer Core/Inner Core • The outer core is made out of liquid Iron and Nickel • The inner core is a solid layer made out of Iron and Nickel • Both layers make up the majority of the weight of the planet Theory of Continental Drift • The theory that continents drifted across the ocean to get their current spots on the globe. • First suggested by Alfred Wegner • First used the idea of one super giant continent called Pangaea. Evidence? • What was the evidence behind Wegner’s idea? • The continents ______________________________________ ________________________ • The ________ and ________ on separate continents are identical. • __________________ (found by looking at fossils) that did not match up with the positions the continents are located today. What made it go? • ____________ believed that the continents __________ on the waters of the ocean to get to their current locations. Theory of Seafloor Spreading • _________ material rises at the Mid-Ocean Ridge creating _____________. • The material flows away from the ridge, carrying the land that was once together, ___________________. Theory of PLATE TECTONICS • First accepted in ______ by a man named ________. • __________ the ideas of seafloor spreading and continental drift. • States that the Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called ___________. Why do the plates move? • ____________ from within the Earth rises to the surface then cools down and _________ back into the Earth. What makes the plates move? 1. 2. What makes the plates move? 3. 4. How do the plates move? • The plates move in three different ways: • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ Convergent Plates Continent vs. Ocean • The more _____ ocean plate slides under the less dense continental plate (____________) • Chains of _________ are formed along the edge of continents. Also _________are formed off the coast of the continent. • The _________ Mountain chain is formed this way. Convergent Plates Ocean vs. Ocean • ________ dense plates are pushed towards the center of the Earth • Extremely ________ are formed, and also chains of volcanic islands are created (___________) • The ________ Islands are formed this way. Convergent Plates Continent vs. Continent • When two continental plates hit both plates are _____________. No subduction occurs. • ___________ are formed, not volcanoes. • The __________ Mountains in India are formed this way. Transform Boundary • When one plate ________ past another. • The most famous is the ____________ fault in California. • No creation of anything, just destruction. Divergent Boundary • When two plates ________________from each other. • The ___________ is the best example. • This is what caused __________ and the ____________ to separate.