Download Earth as a Planet – Glossary Part 1 Nebulae E. Stellar

Earth as a Planet – Glossary Part 1
A. Nebulae
E. Stellar nucleosynthesis
I. Nebular theory
M. Lithification
B. Planetesimal
C. Crust
D. Asthenosphere
F. Protoplanet
G. Mantle
H. Lithosphere
J. Differentiation
K. Core
L. The Moho
N. Erosion
O. Deposition
_______ a cloud of gas or dust in space
_______ the production of new, larger atoms by fusion reactions in stars; the process generates more
massive elements that were not produced by the Big Band
_______ the concept that planets grow out of rings of gas, dust, and ice surrounding a newborn star
_______ tiny, solid pieces of rock and metal that collect in a planetary nebula and eventually accumulate
to form a planet
_______ a body that grows by the accumulation of planeteismals but has not yet become big enough to
be called a planet
_______ a process early in a planet’s history during which dense iron alloy melted and sank downward to
form the core, leaving less-dense mantle behind
_______ the rock that makes up the outermost layer of the Earth
_______ the thick layer of rock below the Earth’s crust and above the core
_______ the dense, iron-rich center of the Earth
_______ the layer of the mantle that lies between 100-150 km and 350 km deep; the asthenosphere is
relatively soft and can flow when acted on by force.
_______ the relatively rigid, nonflowable, outer 100- to 150- km thick layer of the Earth, constituting
the crust and the top part of the mantle
_______ the seismic-velocity discontinuity that defines the boundary between the Earth’s crust and
mantle
_______ The transformation of loose sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation
_______ the grinding away and removal of Earth’s surface materials by moving water, air or ice
_______ the process by which sediment settles out of a transporting medium
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Igneous Rock
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Bedding J. Strata
Foliated rocks
Thermal metamorphism
G. Magma
H. Sedimentary Rock
I. Organic Sedimentary Rock
K. Basin
Q. Lava
L. UnFoliated rocks
M. Burial metamorphism
N. Intrusive Igneous Rock
O. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
P. Weathering
R. Metamorphic Rock
S. Foliation
T. Dynamic metamorphism
_______ rock that forms when hot molten rock (magma or lava) cools and freezes solid
_______ molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface
_______ molten rock that has flowed out onto the Earth’s surface
_______ Rock formed by the freezing of magma underground
_______ rock that forms by the freezing of lava above ground, after it flows or explodes out onto the
surface and comes into contact with the atmosphere or ocean
_______ rock that forms either by the cementing together of fragments broken off pre-existing rock
or by the precipitation of mineral crystals out of water solutions at or near the Earth’s surface
_______ Sedimentary rock consisting of cemented-together debris derived from the weathering of
pre-existing rock.
_______ Sedimentary rock made up of minerals that precipitate directly from water solution
_______ sedimentary rock (such as coal) formed from carbon-rich relicts of organisms
_______ the processes that break up and corrode solid rock, eventually transforming it into sediment
_______ layering or stratification in sedimentary rocks
_______ a fold or depression shaped like a right-side-up bowl
_______ A succession of several layers or beds together
_______ rock that forms when pre-existing rock changes into new rock as a result of an increase in
pressure and temperature and/or shearing under elevated temperatures; metamorphism occurs without
the rock first becoming a melt or sediment
_______ metamorphic rocks with layering (foliation)
_______ metamorphic rocks without layering (foliation)
_______ layering formed as a consequence of the alignment of mineral grains, or of compositional
banding in a metamorphic rock.
_______ metamorphism caused by heat conducted into country rock from an igneous intrusion
_______ metamorphism due only to the consequences of very deep burial
_______ metamorphism that occurs as a consequence of shearing alone, with no change in temperature
or pressure