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Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology Lab II General Functions/Info Breaks down food mechanically/chemically Absorbs nutrients Gets rid of waste through feces 9 meters long/hollow tube, mouth to anus Three accessory organs; 1. pancreas, 2. gall bladder, 3. liver Mouth/Esophagus Two types of digestion Mechanical- chewing Chemical- carbohydrate digestion, saliva>>>amylase>>>disaccharides Esophagus- muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach Peristalsis Stomach Large J-shaped organ Rugae- in folds, allows expansion, hides gastric pits Mucus layer- every two days Two types of digestion Mechanical- churning/mixing Chemical- HCl>>> pepsinogen>>>pepsin>>breaks down proteins to amino acids Bolus-ball of food Chyme- soupy mixture from bolus , pH1 Stomach cont. Diaphragm divides abdominal/chest cavities Esophageal hiatus- hole with through sphincter ring, prevents backflow, regulates how much is dumped into stomach 4 parts of stomach, most important pyloric region, containing pyloric sphincter regulating flow of chyme to small intestine Small Intestine 15ft long, 1 inch in diameter Omentum- outer covering keeps in bag Three parts; digestion in the 1st, nutrient absorption in 2nd and 3rd Duodenum- 10 inches, receives chyme from the stomach, entrance point for accessory organs Accessory Organs 1. Liver: produces bile, involved in fatty food digestion, regulates pH of chyme coming into small intestine, pH 8-9 2. Gall Bladder: bag for extra bile 3. Pancreas: secretes enzymes; lipases, proteases, carbohydrases Small Intestine cont. Jejunum- 8ft long, majority of nutrient absorption Ileum- Ends at ileocecal valve, controls flow of materials from ileum into the cecum of large intestine Intestinal wall contains many microvilli which aid in absorption Large Intestine Gets rid of waste, water absorption 5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter Cecum, lower right quadrant, compaction begins, contains appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid- S Shaped Large Intestine cont. Rectum- holding area for feces Internal/External anal sphincters Only have control of external Mucus producing cells Anus To much water diahhrea, not enough constipation