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The Muscular System Name:_________________________________________ Period/class: ____________________________ The Muscles Every movement that takes place in your body depends on muscles. They work by shortening or contracting. There are 3 kinds of muscles. 1. Involuntary (smooth): 2. Cardiac Muscle: 3. Voluntary Muscles (skeletal/striped): Major Muscle Groups Deltoid Bicep Tricep Abdominals Pectoralis Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Quadricep Hamstring Gluteus Calf Achilles Major Muscle Groups Worksheet How Muscles Work Voluntary muscles produce movement by _________________ and _________________. Muscles get _______________ when they contract and ________________ when they relax again. All voluntary muscles are attached by tendons to bones. These points of attachment are called _________________ and ___________________. Some muscles have more than one attachment at one end (this is an indication of strength of the muscle). Activity! Draw human body and label the muscles Tendons Tendons attach ________________ to _____________. Ligaments attach ______________ to ______________. As a muscle contracts, the tendons at each end of the muscle takes the strain. Tendons must therefore be strong enough to work under ______________ _______________ and resist the intense, sudden muscular contractions involved in sport, e.g. throwing the _______________. The tendon of origin resists the pull of the muscle whilst the tendon of insertion exerts the pull on the bone to which it is attached. This causes the joint to bend or straighten. Tendons are a ______________________ ____________ which have a less efficient blood supply than skeletal muscle. A thorough _______________ ________ will stimulate blood flow to the tendons and this will reduce the chance of ________________ to the tissue. One tendon that is prone to injury is the ________________ tendon. Muscles for Endurance and Power Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers There are two types of muscle fibers present in voluntary muscles. Fast Twitch Fibers Slow Twitch Fibers Fast Twitch Fibers Slow Twitch Fibers Burn up their supply of oxygen usually within _____ ________________. They then have to use the body’s store of carbohydrates as a __________ ___________ energy source. (_________________ Exercise). Are able to ______________ their oxygen supply while they are working. (__________________ Exercise) Tire ______________ Can function for ____________ periods of time Used for short term power and _________________ activities (anaerobic activities) Used for longer term ____________________ activities (aerobic activities). E.x. E.x. In many sporting events we often use both types of fibers at different times during the activity. Complete the table below showing examples of the use of both types of muscle fibers in different sporting activities. Activity Marathon Running Slow Twitch Most of the race Fast Twitch Sprint finish Effects of Exercise and Training on Muscles Skeletal muscle responds to training in two ways. 1. Voluntary muscles become ____________________ and more ___________________ when they are exercised. This development of the muscle is known as _____________________. When exercise ______________, due to injury or some other reason, muscles begin to lose the ___________________ and ______________ that was gradually building up during regular activity. This is known as __________________ (wasting of the muscle). 2. Different activities rely of different muscles and muscular requirement. With _____________________ training, muscles adapt well to the exercise that they are required to perform. In activities that involve __________________ workloads, e.g. ______________________, new muscle fibers are ____________________ (muscle bulk) until the muscles are ______________ enough to perform the task. Muscular system lab Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 “Math” handout (pdf) Skeletal and muscle puzzle (pdf)