Download The Muscular System Name: Period/class: ______ The Muscles

The Muscular System
Name:_________________________________________
Period/class: ____________________________
The Muscles
Every movement that takes place in your body depends on
muscles. They work by shortening or contracting.
There are 3 kinds of muscles.
1. Involuntary (smooth):
2. Cardiac Muscle:
3. Voluntary Muscles (skeletal/striped):
Major Muscle Groups
Deltoid
Bicep
Tricep
Abdominals
Pectoralis
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Quadricep
Hamstring
Gluteus
Calf
Achilles
Major Muscle Groups Worksheet
How Muscles Work
Voluntary muscles produce movement by _________________
and _________________.
Muscles get _______________ when they contract and
________________ when they relax again.
All voluntary muscles are attached by tendons to bones. These
points of attachment are called _________________ and
___________________. Some muscles have more than one
attachment at one end (this is an indication of strength of the
muscle).
Activity!
Draw human body and label the muscles
Tendons
Tendons attach ________________ to _____________.
Ligaments attach ______________ to ______________.
As a muscle contracts, the tendons at each end of the muscle
takes the strain.
Tendons must therefore be strong enough to work under
______________ _______________ and resist the intense,
sudden muscular contractions involved in sport, e.g. throwing the
_______________.
The tendon of origin resists the pull of the muscle whilst the
tendon of insertion exerts the pull on the bone to which it is
attached. This causes the joint to bend or straighten.
Tendons are a ______________________ ____________ which
have a less efficient blood supply than skeletal muscle. A thorough
_______________ ________ will stimulate blood flow to the
tendons and this will reduce the chance of ________________ to
the tissue. One tendon that is prone to injury is the
________________ tendon.
Muscles for Endurance and Power
Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers
There are two types of muscle fibers present in voluntary muscles.
 Fast Twitch Fibers
 Slow Twitch Fibers
Fast Twitch Fibers

Slow Twitch Fibers

Burn up their supply of oxygen
usually within _____
________________. They then
have to use the body’s store of
carbohydrates as a __________
___________ energy source.
(_________________ Exercise).
Are able to ______________
their oxygen supply while they
are working.
(__________________ Exercise)
Tire ______________
Can function for ____________
periods of time
Used for short term power and
_________________ activities
(anaerobic activities)
Used for longer term
____________________
activities (aerobic activities).
E.x.
E.x.
 In many sporting events we often use both types of fibers at
different times during the activity. Complete the table below
showing examples of the use of both types of muscle fibers
in different sporting activities.
Activity
Marathon Running
Slow Twitch
Most of the race
Fast Twitch
Sprint finish
Effects of Exercise and Training on Muscles
Skeletal muscle responds to training in two ways.
1. Voluntary muscles become ____________________ and more
___________________ when they are exercised. This
development of the muscle is known as _____________________.
When exercise ______________, due to injury or some other
reason, muscles begin to lose the ___________________ and
______________ that was gradually building up during regular
activity. This is known as __________________ (wasting of the
muscle).
2. Different activities rely of different muscles and muscular
requirement. With _____________________ training, muscles
adapt well to the exercise that they are required to perform. In
activities that involve __________________ workloads, e.g.
______________________, new muscle fibers are
____________________ (muscle bulk) until the muscles are
______________ enough to perform the task.
Muscular system lab
Worksheet 1
Worksheet 2
“Math” handout (pdf)
Skeletal and muscle puzzle (pdf)