Download AIMS Science Review - Ms. Dooley`s Science Class

AIMS Science Review
Part 2
Chapter 7—Mitosis
1.
What is a chromosome? Where are they found?
A single long DNA molecule pacaged with proteins in to a compact shape. Found inside the nucleus of
a cell beginning in prophase.
2.
How many chromosomes in a human somatic cell?
Somatic cell = 46 chromosomes: Gamete cell = 23 chromosomes
3.
Fill in the Venn Diagram:
Chromosome
Chromatin
Chromatid
4.
What is the purpose of mitosis? (Be specific.)
The mechanism of cell division that occurs in an organism’s nonreproductive cells or somatic cells.
To make a new cell from an existing cell
5.
In the empty space below, cut and paste the stages of mitosis and place them in the correct order by
drawing & matching the pictures to the correct phase names. In the space below each phase name,
describe what is going on in that phase.
Interphase: chromosomes are extended and in use during the G1, S and G2 phase
G1: first “gap” phase is promary growth phase. This is the phase which occupies the major portion of
the cell’s life span.
S: “Synthesis” phase. DNA replicates producing two copies of each chromosome.
G2: Cell division preparation continues with the replication of mitochondria, chromosome condensation,
and the synthesis of microtubules.
M: “Mitosis” phase, microtubular apparatus binds to the chromosomes and moves them apart.
Prophase: Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle forms.
Metaphase: The chromosomes line up on the cnetral plane of the cell.
Anaphase: The centromeres divide, and the chromatids move toward opposite poles.
Telophase: The chromosomes uncoil, and a new nuclear envelope forms. The spindle fibers
disappear.
C phase: “Cytokinesis” the cytoplasm divides creating two daughter cells.
6. What does the diagram at the right
represent?
7. What goes on in each of the
following stages?
a. G1—
b. S—
c. G2—
8. What does the entire cell cycle represent?
Cell division: for a Somatic Cell
9. What part(s) of the cell cycle are not shown in the diagram, but are necessary for the cell cycle to
continue from one stage to the next?
Cell growth is assessed at the G1 checkpoint: makes the key decision of whether the cell should divide,
delay division, or enter a resting stage (G0)
Meiosis
10. Write the names of each phase next to the number
of each picture.
11. What is the purpose of meiosis?
12. What are 3 main differences between mitosis and
meiosis?
a.
b.
c.
13. What do you see lined up in the cell numbered 3
on the meiosis diagram?
14. What is the very important difference between
metaphase in mitosis and metaphase in meiosis?
AND Why is that important?
1
2
3
4
5
6
Chapter 9—DNA
16. Fill in the missing information about the discovery of DNA.
Describe the experiment.
Griffith's
Experiments
Discuss the conclusion.
Discovered transformation:
movement of a gene from one
Injected mice with bacteria: 1 – live organism to another: evidence that
bacteria, 1- heat treated bacteria.
DNA is genetic material
Used S. Streptococcus and removed
all proteins.
DNA is hereditary information
Radioactive Isotopes to prove DNA Found when bacterial viruses
Hershey-Chase is genetic information passed on to inserted their genes into bacteria, it
Experiment
offspring
was DNA & not protein passed on
Avery's
Experiments
17. What is DNA?
18. What is the shape of DNA?
19. How was the shape of DNA determined?
20. Who is credited with discovering the shape of the DNA
molecule?
21. What process does the picture at the right represent?
22. What is the catalyst that causes this process to occur?
23. What is the catalyst composed of?
26. Referring to the diagram on the left, what are the
small parts that DNA is composed of called?
27. Circle one of those small parts on the diagram
and label it by name.
28. There are three parts to each nucleotide.
Correctly label each part of a nucleotide on the
diagram.
29. Correctly label each of the 4 nitrogenous bases
of DNA. What 2 characteristics can you use to
identify each base?
1.
2.
Protein Synthesis
30. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA by filling in the missing information on the table.
DNA
RNA
Bases involved
Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine = Guanine Adenine-Uracil, Cytosine = Guanine
Number of strands
2
1
Type of sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Name of 3 part code
Codon
Codon
Process involved in
Replication, Transcription
Transcription, Translation
Codes for
DNA, Genes, mRNA
Genes, Protein (amino acid)
DNA
31. Complete the following strand of DNA by placing the letter of the correct nitrogenous base on the line
provided. Then follow by carrying out the first step in protein synthesis; transcription. (Make a copy of DNA
with mRNA.)
A
T
C
G
C
G
A
T
G
C
T
A
A
T
G
C
T
A
T
A
C
G
A
_____
mRNA
DNA
_____
A
C
C
U
mRNA
32. Where does transcription occur?
33. What is step two in the process
called?
34. Describe how that process
works.
35. What is the final product of this
2 step process?
36. Label the processes shown in
the pictures to the right.
G
U
A
G
U
U
C